
SD 427 

.T5 ns 

1911 
Copy 1 



U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 

FOREST SERVICE. 
HENRY S. GRAVES, Forester. 



THE NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL. 

REGULATIONS OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE AND 
INSTRUCTIONS TO FOREST OFFICERS RELATING TO 
AND GOVERNING TIMBER SALES, ADMINISTRA- 
TIVE USE, TIMBER SETTLEMENT, AND THE 
FREE USE OF TIMBER AND STONE 
UPON NATIONAL FOREST LANDS. 



ISSUED BY THE 

SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE 

TO TAKE EFFECT 

DECEMBER 1,1911. 



TIMBER SALES. 
ADMINISTRATIVE USE. 
TIMBER SETTLEMENT. 

FREE USE. 




WASHINGTON: 

G0VEBN5IENT PRINTING OFFICE. 

1911. 




Glass SJIj-gl 

Book 1^5 h S 



U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 

FOREST SERVICE. 
HENRY S. GRAVES, Forester. 



lit 



THE NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL. 

REGULATIONS OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE AND 
INSTRUCTIONS TO FOREST OFFICERS RELATING TO 
AND GOVERNING TIMBER SALES, ADMINISTRA- 
TIVE USE, TIMBER SETTLEMENT, AND THE 

FREE USE OF TIMBER AND STONE ih^%' 

UPON NATIONAL FOREST LANDS. .,^— — ^ 



ISSUED BY THE 

SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE 

TO TAKE EFFECT 

DECEMBER 1, 1911. 



TIMBER SALES. 

ADMINISTRATIVE USE. 

TIMBER SETTLEMENT. 

FREE USE. 




WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 

1911. 



^^' 



x^^P^ 



n 



\ 



The wSecretary * * * may make such rules and regulations 
* * * as will insure the objects of such reservations, namely, to 
regulate their occupancy and use and to preserve the forests thereon 
from destruction; and any violation of the provisions of this act or 
such rules and regulations shall be punished [by $500 fine or 12 
months' imprisonment, or l^oth] as is provided for in the act of Jime 4, 
1888, amendinij section 5388 of tlie Kevised Statutes of the United 
States. (Act of June 4, 1897, 30 Stat., 11.) 



^ CONTENTS, 



Page. 

Regulations "J 

Timber sales ' 

Appraisal of timber 7 

Limitation of annual cut 7 

Maximum and minimum prices 7 

Authority to make sales 7 

Deposits 8 

Payments and refunds ^ 

Installment payments 8 

Modification of contracts 8 

Advance cutting 8 

Private sale ^^ 

Prevention of monopoly ; award of sales to trespa.-<sers 9 

Ex])ortatiou of timber 9 

Conditions of sale 9 

Time limits 10 

Bonds 10 

Appeals - 10 

Use of steam engines or locomotives 10 

Administrative use of timber 10 

Timber settlement 10 

Free use of timber and stone 1 1 

By whom granted H 

To whom granted 1 1 

To whom refused H 

Amount H 

Restrictions on free use of saw timber 12 

Free use without permit 12 

Free-use areas 12 

Sale of material prohibited 12 

Special conditions in Alaska 12 

Procedure and instructions 1;^ 

Timber sales Ijj 

Limitation of annual cut - 13 

Maximum and minimum stumpage prices 1-1 

Classification of sales 1^ 

Class A — Rangers' sales 15 

Class B — Supervisors' sales not exceeding $100 16 

Class C — Supervisors' advertised sales Ki 

Class D — District forester's and Forester's sales 18 

Advertisement 20 

Bids and awards '--^ 

Contracts 23 

Bonds 24 

Advance cutting 25 

Private sale 27 

Sale of material seized 27 

Payments, deposits, refunds, and transfers 27 

Modification of contracts ^^O 

Cancellation of contracts 34 

Special uses connected with sales 3o 

Period for removal .•■•;•• ^^ 

Examination of timber applied for and preparation of the application . 36 

3 



4 CONTENTS. 

Procedure and instructions — Continued. 

Timber sales — Continued. Page. 

Administration of sales — general 44 

Marking 45 

Brush disposal 48 

Scaling 50 

Sale of miscellaneous forest products. 58 

Appeals 59 

Records and reports 59 

Administrative use of timber 62 

Timber settlement 65 

Free use of timber and stone 67 

Timber-sale and free-use forms 72 

Bid for advertised timber 72 

Timber-sale agreement 73 

Bond - 77 

Memorandum of corporate officer's authority to sign instrument 79 

Free-use permit 80 

Index 81 



United States Department of Agricut.ture, 

Office of the Secretary, 

washington, d. c. 

By virtue of the authority vested in the Secretary of Agricul- 
ture by the act of Congress of February 1, 1905 (33 Stat., 628), 
amendatory of the act of Congress of June 4, 1S97 (30 Stat., 11), I, 
James Wilson, Secretary of Agriculture, do make and publish the 
following regulations for timber sales, administrative use, timber 
settlement, and the free use of timber and stone upon National For- 
est lands, the same to supersede all previous regulations for like ])ur- 
poses and to be in force and effect from the 1st day of December, 
1911, and to constitute a part of the Use Book. 

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and official seal, 
at Washington, D. C, this 31st day of October. 1911. 

James Wilson, 
Secretary of Agriculture. 
5 



THE NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL 



REGULATIONS. 

TIMBER, SALES. 

Reg. S-1. No timber shall bo designated for cutting, by stamping 

or otlierwdse, until the officer api)roving the sale is 
^Appraisal of tim- g^tisfied that the cutting will preserve the living and 

gro\ving timber, promote the younger growth, and 
be compatible with the utilization of the Forest. Upon application 
for the ])urcliase of any timber or in any cases where timber is to be 
advertised in advance of application, such timber shall be examined 
and appraised, and the area from which the timber is to be cut shall 
be described by legal subdivisions or otherwise. The ofhcer making 
the field examination sludi report the quantity and value of the 
various kinds of timber involved, and shall base his appraisal upon 
the character of the timber, the cost of logging, transportation, and 
manufacture, and the sale value of the manufactured products at 
practicable markets. 

Reg. S-2. The Secretary of Agriculture aniII prescribe each 

year, upon data and infornuition furnished by the 
nnA\^nV'°'' °^ ^"^ Forcstcr, the maximum amount of dead, matured, 

and large-growth timber that may be cut on each 
National Forest. 

The Secretary of Agriculture \vili prescribe each year, upon data 

and information furnished by the Forester, the 
mul^pricM.^*'*^""'"' maximum and minimum stumj^age prices at which 

the timber on each National Forest or designated 
portion thereof shall be appraised. Apj^raisals higher than the 
estabhshed maximum and lower than the established minimum 
shall be made by Forest officers, in so far as the local conditions in 
each specific sale warrant. No appraisals at less than the estab- 
lished minimum or more than the estabhshed maximum shall be 
approved by any Forest officer authorized to sell timber until the 
approval of such appraisals by the Secretary of Agriculture has been 
secured. 

Reg. S-3. The Forester is autliorized to make timber sales for 

any amount on any National Forest, provided the limit 
saks*'*°^'*^ *° ^^^^ fixed by the Secretary for any Forest is not exceeded 

by the year's cut, under sales and free use on such 
Forest; and to delegate this authority for any specified amounts to 
the district forester's, but in no instance to exceed 20,000,000 feet 
board measure. The district forester ma\' in turn delegate authoritv 



8 NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL EEGULATIONS. 

to supervisors to make sales for specified amounts, wliicli in no 
instance shall exceed 2,000,000 feet board measure. All suj)ervisors 
ma}", wdthout special authorization, make sales of timber and cord- 
wood in amounts not exceeding $100 in value in any one sale. The 
supervisor may authorize subordinate Forest officers to make sales 
of timber and cordwood in amounts not exceecUng $50 in value in 
any one sale. 

Reg. S-4. The supervisor may, in liis discretion, require that a 
jj^ ^^.^^ deposit be made with the proper United States 

eposi s. depository before any timber applied for is examined. 

In every case where a supervisor decides to recommend a sale of 
timber for which advertisement is required by law, he wiU notify 
the applicant to forward to the proper United States depository 
such part of the purchase price as will be sufficient to cover the 
cost of advertising; such deposit to be applied to the purchase 
price in case the sale is made to the depositor; to be refunded 
in case the sale is made to some one other than the depositor; to be 
retained in the discretion of the officer approving the sale, if, through 
fault of the depositor, no sale of the timber is made. 

Reg. S-5. No timber shall be cut under any timber sale contract 
until it has been ])aid for. Refunds may, in the dis- 
fxinds"^^*^ ^°*^ ^^' cretion of the Forester or district forester, be made 
to depositors of such sums deposited by them to 
secure the purchase price of forest products as may be found to be 
in excess of the amounts actually due the United States. Refunds 
or payments may also be made to the rightful claimants of such 
sums as may be found to have been erroneously collected for timber 
or other forest products sold from lands within, but not a part of, a 
National Forest. 

Reg. S-6. In any sale the timber may be paid for in one or more 
Installment pay- payments, as agreed. In sales of $100 or less the par- 
™ents. i[.^{ pa3"ments must not exceed three. 

Reg. S-7. Modifications of contracts for the sale of timber will not 

be allowed except in those cases where the full per- 

Modif ication of formauco of the contract by the purchaser is rendered 

inequitable and unjust by some act of the United 

States, or except where the modification is sought in respect to the 

unexecuted portion of the contract and such modification would not 

be prejudicial to the interests of the United .States. Modifications, 

where proper, wdthin the meaning of this regulation, may be made by 

the officer approving the sale, or by liis superior officer. 

Reg. S-8. No timber mil be sold, other than in amounts not 
exceeding $100 stumpage value, in advance of adver- 
Advance cutting, ^jgpj^pj^^,, exccpt in cases of unusual emergency. 
All apphcations for emergency sales of timber will be submitted^ to 
the Secretary of Agriculture for approval, with a stiUement setting 
forth the reasons for the emergency. When apphcation is made for 
timber to meet an unusual emergency the Forest officer authorized to 
make the sale will, when practicable and proper, include in the adver- 
tisement of such timber a sufficient quantity of other timber in the 
same locality and of the same class to satisfy such other bids as may 
be reasonably anticipated. After approval by the Secretary, the 
Forest officer may, in sales not exceeding the amount wliich such 
officer is authorized to approve, permit the cutting and removal of 



NATIONAL, FOREST MANUAL REGULATIONS, 9 

timber in advance of the award, when the appHcant has made a 
deposit covering the vahie of the timber to be cut and removed, and 
has agreed to pay for all timber actually cut under the privilege of 
advance cutting at the rate of the highest price bid for the whole 
amount of timber advertised, or, if no bids are received, at the rate 
named in the advertisement. Wlien necessary to protect the Gov- 
ernment against loss a bond will be required. 

Reg. S-9. After any timber has been advertised and no satisfac- 
tory bid has been received, or if the bidder fails to 
Private sale. complete the purchase. Forest officers may, wdthin 

their authorization, dispose of it at private sale, in quantities to suit 
purchasers, without further advertisement, at prices not lower than 
those named in the advertisement. 

Timber may also be disposed of at private sale without advertise- 
ment where the stumpage value of the timber does not exceed $100. 

Reg. S-10. In awarding advertised timber of a value exceeding 
T>..™„««„ of ™„ $5,000, allotments at the highest price offered may 

Prevention of mo- ,' ' ii-iij ^ i 

nopoiy. Award of be made to several bidders to prevent monopoly, 
sales to trespassers, g-^^^ submitted by parties who have trespassed upon 
any National Forest will not be considered unless full settlement has 
been previously made for such trespass. 

Reg. S-11. Timber cut from any National Forest may be exported 

from the State or Territory in which the National 
^Importation of Forcst is situatcd, except that from the Black Hills 

National Forest in South Dakota only dead and 
insect-infested timber may be exported from the State, and this only 
until the date upon which the Forester shall certify that the ravages 
of the destructive insects in said Forest are practically checked, but 
in no case after such date or dates as Congress has specified or shall 
hereafter specify. Timber cut from any National Forest in Alaska 
may be exported therefrom and sold anywhere, upon certification 
by the supervisor that the timber has been purchased and cut from 
a National Forest in Alaska. 

Reg. S-12. No trees on National Forest lands, or from any un- 
^ ... . , patented claim within National Forests, shall be cut. 

Conditions of sale. ^ ,, . i -n i • • i i ^ i 1 

or otherwise killed, injured, or destroyed, except 
under permit or where allowed by law in the development of the 
claim. 

No trees on any unpatented claim within National Forests shall be 
cut under permit, until the written consent of the claimant has been 
filed with the Forest supervisor, except in emergencies arising from 
insect infestation. 

No live trees shall be cut under any contract until marked or other- 
wise designated by a Forest officer. 

No timber cut under any contract shall be removed from the place 
selected for scaling, measuring, or counting until it has been scaled, 
measured, or counted and stamped by a Forest officer. 

No pereon except a Forest officer shall stamp any timber belonging 
to the United States upon a National Forest with the regulation 
marking ax or with any instrument having a similar design. 

All saw timber will be scaled by Scribner Decimal C log rule, as 
used by the Forest Service. 



10 NATIONAL FOEEST MANUAL REGULATIONS. 

Reg. S-13. The period allowed for the removal of tunber, which 
in no instance shall exceed five years, except in 

ime imi . special cases upon specific approval by the Secretary, 

will be fixed in the agreement, and in sales in which a period of two 
or more years is allowed for the removal of the timber, the minimum 
amount to be removed each year must be specified, except in unusual 
cases. The Secretary may, in his discretion, when circumstances 
warrant, extend the time beyond a period of five yeare; but such 
extension will be granted only to prevent hardship in cases where the 
failure to remove the timber within the five-year' period is due to 
circumstances over which the purchaser had no control. 

Reg. S-14. The officer approving any timber-sale contract may 
require the purchaser to furnish a bond for the satis- 
factory completion of the contract. 

Reg. S-15. The disapproval of an application for the purchase 
of timber or for the modification of an existing con- 

^^^^^' tract by the officer authorized to approve such 

application shall be considered final unless written notice of appeal 
to the next superior officer, district forester. Forester, or Secretary, 
as the case may be, is fifed with the officer disapproving such appli- 
cation within 30 days from the receipt of his decision. All appeals 
arising from the enforcement or execution of the provisions of a tim- 
ber-sale contract shall be made in the first instance to the Forest 
supervisor. His decision thereon shall be considered final unless 
written notice of appeal to the district forester is filed with the super- 
visor within 15 days from the receipt of his decision. Appeals from 
the decisions of the district forester to tlie Forester or from the 
decisions of the Forester to the Secretar)^ may be made by filing 
written notice witli the officer from wliose decision appeal is taken 
within 15 days from the receipt of such decision. 

Reg. S-16. The use of steam engines or steam locomotives in 

operations on National Forest lands under any timber- 

gS'o^iocom^tive"' s^le coutract or under any permit is prohibited unless 

they are equipped with such spark-arresters as shall 

be approved by the Forest supervisor, or unless oil is used exclusively 

for fuel. 

ADMINISTRATIVE USE OF TIMBER. 

Reg. S-17. The Forester, and the district foresters \\^thin the 
amount which they are authorized to sell, may remove and sell or 
dispose of, under free-use permit or otherwise, as shall be most 
advantageous to the United States, any timber upon the National 
Forests when such removal is actually necessary to protect the Forest 
from ravages or destruction, or when the use or removal of timber is 
necessary in the construction of roads, trails, cabins, and other 
improvements on the National Forests or in experiments conducted by 
the Forest Service. The authority conferred by this reguktion may 
be delegated by district foresters to Forest supervisore. 

TIMBER SETTLEMENT. 

Reg. S-18, Wlien timber on National Forest land is cut, damaged, 
killed, or destroyed in connection mth the enjoyment of a right of 
way or other special use it shall not be necessary to advertise it for 



NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL^ REGULATIONS. 11 

sale, but payment therefor may be required at such rate or rates as 
may be fixed by the officer authorized, under the timber-sale regu- 
lations, to sell the amount of timber involved, but in no case for less 
than the minimum or for more than the maximum price established 
by the Secretaiy of Agriculture, unless the authority of the Secretary 
is secured. When, however, a right of way or other special use is 
granted within a National Forest in Alaska, the supervisor may, with- 
out charge, allow the cutting of timber when this is necessary for the 
proper enjoyment of the special use. 

FREE TJSE OF TIMBER AND STONE. 

Reg. S-19. The Secretary of Agriculture will determine for each 

fiscal year, upon data to be furnished by the Forester, 
y w om gran e . ^^^^ maximum amount of timber to be cut under free 
use on each Forest, which amount shall form a part of the total maxi- 
mum cut for the Forest. The Forester may grant free-use permits 
for timber not exceeding $500 in value, and may delegate this author- 
ity to subordinate officers. Permits for timber in excess of $100 in 
value, except in cases of unusual emergency, will be granted only for 
public purposes. Supervisors, unless otherwise authorized, may not 
grant permits for material exceeding $100 in value. All Forest 
officers whom the supervisor may designate are authorized to grant 
free-use permits up to $20 in value. Ihe Forester is also authorized 
to grant free use of stone and to delegate this authority to subordinate 
officers. All applications for free use of timber of value above $500 
will be submitted to the Secretary of Agriculture for approval. 
Reg. S-20. Free-use permits may be granted to bona fide settlers. 
To whom granted, i^^iners, residents, and prospectors for minerals, who 

may not reasonably be recpured to purchase, and who 
have not on their own lands, or claims,, or on lands controlled by 
them, a sufficient or practically accessible supply of material suitable 
for the purposes named in the law. They may also be granted to 
school and road districts, churches, or noncommercial cooperative 
organizations of settlers desiring to construct roads, ditches, reser- 
voirs, or other similar improvements for mutual or public benefit. 
Fcee use ma}^ be granted to other branches of the Federal Govern- 
nient. Free use may bo granted for consumption outside the State 
in which the National Forest is located, except from the Black Hills 
National Forest in South Dakota, on which Forest the free use of 
dead and insect-infested timber only may, until the date upon which 
the Forester shall certify that the insect ravages are practically 
checked, but in no case after such date or dates as Congress has 
specified, or shall hereafter specify, be granted for consumption out- 
side the State. 

Reg. S-21. Trespassers will not be granted free use until full 
To whom refused. Settlement luis been made by them. Free use of 

material to be used in any business vnW be refused, 
as, for example, to sawmill proprietors, owners of large establish- 
ments or commercial enterprises, companies, and corporations. 
Reg. S-22. No applicant will be given more than two free-use 
^^^^^^ permits in one year, nor may the aggregate amount 

of material granted in the two permits exceed $20 
in value, except in cases of great and unusual need, or in the case of 



12 KATIONAL FOEEBT MAXUAL EBGULATIOyS. 

fcf;hool and road diBtricts, churches, and noDr:onirriercLal cooperative 
organ JzationB of Bettlere, wjien the Buper-visor ma}', in his dihcretion, 
extend tiife amount t<rj any value not exc^jedin^g -SlOO, or the value 
named in Ids authorization from the fiistrict forest«r. If the per- 
mittee fails to remove timber within tli« time allowed, the Forest 
officer may ^rant the timber to another applicant, llie time allowf^d 
in pejTxuts niay be exieiKhbd by the officer issuing them in cases of 
unusual emergency. 

Re^. S -23. Green saw timber will not be grant-erl to any appli- 
T»..+ i,v(.^. ^« ^'^nt who does not do Ids own Jogging, unless he is 

E. e « t r I c tlonuE on , . n • •> j i -r- '^ i 

free use of taw tim- physically mcapa^jitated . Lxf^eptioiis, however, mny 
****■ be rxiade in unusual cases in the judgment of the 

supervisor. All free-use matf;rial may be sawed and all except green 
timber may l>e cut for the perTnittee by an agent, but the work so 
done mustViot be paid for ov a share of the material. On Forests 
where a limited supply or otfjer conditions justify it, the free use of 
all green saw timl>er or both green and dead saw timber may l>e 
refuse^!. 

Rei^. S-24. Xecessary cutting of timber in surveying for lawful 

Free use without P^ojects mnv }>fi <\<)T\<i without permit. tJnnecessary 
p«™it- cutting is prohibited. 

No free-une material, exfyapt the small quantities actually needed 
by tran-rJentH, will be taken without a written perTnit. 

Vidi^. S-25. Supervisors mav, with the approval of the district 
foresters, estaf.»lish temporary free-use areas from 

Free u*e ar-.at. ^.j^jj^.y^ j^jona fide scttlcrs, miners, residents, and pros- 
pectors for minerals may take, in quantities specified in Regulation 
S-22, dead fuel timber, dead fencin.^ material, either or both in the 
discretion of the district forester, without the material being scaled 
or measured by a Forest offi^;er, While permits are required in all 
cases, it in not necessar}^ tlmt they be obtained in advance when the 
material is secured from a designated free-use area. In every instance 
where a pennit has not been obtained in advance, the person taking 
material from a temporary free-use area shall promptly thereafter 
notif V the Forest officer in charge of the district in which such area is 
located of the date of removal, and of the amount, value, andclass 
of material so taken. Upon receipt of such notification the Forest 
officer will issue the necessary permit. 

Sale of material Re^. S-26. TimV>er or otherforest products rer^eived 
prohibited. undcr a fre^>-use perTnit shall not be sold. 

Rej?. S-27. Settlers, farmers, prospector's, fishermen, or similar 
j>ersons residing within or adjacent toNational Forests 
to^iBL'iki.'''"'*""''" ^^ Alaska may take, witliout permit and frna (A 
charge, green or dry timber from the Forests, and drift- 
wood, afloat or on the beaches, for tlieir own personal use, but not 
for sale; provided, that the amount of material so taken shall not in 
any one year exf^^ed 20,000 feet board measure, or 2.5 cords of wood; 
and provided further, that the persons enjoying this privilege will, 
on demand, forward to the supervisor a statement of tlie ouantity of 
material bo taken and a description of the location from wMch it was 
removed. 



PROCEDURE AND INSTRUCTIONS IN TIMBER SALES, ADMINIS- 
TRATIVE USE, TIMBER SETTLEMENT, AND FREE USE. 

United States Department of AGjacuF/jURE, 

Forest Service, 
Wasldngton, D. C, October 31, 1911. 
Tlio following |)rocodure .ind instructions aro hereby established and 
issued, to take effect December 1,1!)JJ, ^overnin<^ the enforcement 
of the reticulations of the wSecretary of Afi^riculture relatin<i; to timber 
sales, administrative use, timber settlement, and the free use of 
timber and stone upon the National Forests. 

H. S. Graves, 

Forester. 
Approved. 

James Wilson, 

Secretary of Agriculture. 



TIMBER SALES. 
LIMITATION OF ANNUAL CUT. 

The supervisor of each Forest will recommend to the district 
forester aniuially on April 1 tlu^ maximum amount of tind)er whicli 
should bo cut from the For(!st durin<!; tlu; ensuinji; fiscal year, which 
shall include a specified auKHint which may not be exceeded under 
free use. 

On Forests for which working plans have been prepared, the work- 
^ ^ . ,, ing plan will provide a basis for determining what 

Determination. ,1 ' ' 1 .1 111 ttiti " 1 

tlie maximum aimual cut sliould he. Where no work- 
ing plan exists, the maximum <'ut will be biised upon the most accu- 
rate estimate of the stand of merchantal>le timber, assuming a 
rotation based on the best a,viiilal)le growth (hit;i. 

On Forests or working units where the demand is very great as 
compar(;d with the supply, much more <'ii,re must be (exercised in 
determining the limitation than w here the demand is compar.itivcily 
light and there is no danger of overcutting. When market conditions 
are such that it is [)ossible to utilize small timber from needed thin- 
nings or inferior material suitable for minor uses which would other- 
wise go to waste, tlK! limitation may Ixi higher than if it is ])ossible to 
mark(it only large; matc^rial suitabhi for saw tindx-r. 

Sp(H-ial attention must b(; given to com|)ai'tm(!nts contaJning j)ro- 
tection Forests. Where such areas occur (he recommended cut 
should b(! gr(?atly reduced or the areas eliminated in the <-a,lcida,tions. 

On two or more; adjacent F(n'ests where conditions arc very similar 
and the general ])lan of management is the same, it may be advisable, 

13 



14 NATIONAL FOEEST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 

where the timber should be cut and it is possible to obtain pur- 
chasers, to treat the maximum cut for a group of Forests as a whole. 
To do this special authority must be obtained from the Secretary. 

MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM STUMP AGE PRICES. 

The supervisor of each Forest will recommend annually to the 
district forester on April 1 the maximum and minimum stumpage 
rates which should be fixed for the Forest for the ensuing fiscal year. 

Maximum and minimum stumpage prices will be recommended, 
with such classification as to species, accessibility, and grade of 
material as may be necessary to cover adequately all conditions 
existing on the Forest. Flat rates applicable to two or more species 
should be recommended wherever advisable. All rates should be based 
upon the thousand feet, board measure, and will be applied to other 
units of quantity in ratios established by these instructions or specifi- 
cally approved by the Forester. The rates recommended should be 
based as far as practicable upon those obtained in current sales, with 
reasonable latitude to make them applicable to the more or less 
accessible and desirable timber. 

Upon receipt and review of the supervisor's recommendations on 

maximum and minimum stumpage rates and limita- 

cedure-m°fx?mum tiou of cut, a letter ill triplicate will be prepared in 

and minimum rates ^j^g district office anuuallv bv April 15. The original 

and limitation of cut. . , -n i p " " i i j- ^ i • i i: 

and one carbon will be forwarded for the signature or 
the Forester and the approval of the Secretary of Agriculture, lim- 
iting the annual cut and establishing maximum and minimum rates 
on the Forest for the following fiscal year. After approval the origi- 
nal will be retained by the Forester and the carbon returned to the 
district forester, who will fill in the signature on the third copy and 
send it to the supervisor. 

CLASSIFICATION OF SALES. 

Sales are divided into the f ollo^\'ing classes : 

Class A: Ranger's sales, no one sale exceeding $50 

By amount. . , " 

in value. 

Class B: Supervisor's sales, no one sale exceeding $100 in value. 

Class C: Supervisor's sales for such amounts exceeding SlOO in 
value as the supervisor is authorized to advertise and sell, in no case 
over 2,000,000 feet board measure. 

Class D: District forester's and Forester's sales exceeding the 
amounts which supervisors are authorized to sell. 

Unadvertised sales : Sales not exceeding $100 in amount may be 

ement ^^^^^ ^"^^ ^^^ ^^^'^ *^^'^^ *^^® appraised value of the 
Byadver isemen . ^^j^-^j^^j, ^-^^ need not be advertised. 

Advertised sales: Sales exceeding $100 in amount must be adver- 
tised. 

Private sales : Timber which has been advertised but for which no 
satisfactory l)id has been received may be sold at any time at not less 
than the highest bid received and in no case at less than the mmimum 
price specified in the advertisement. 



NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 15 

CLASS A: RANGER'S SALES. 

If an examination of the timber as outlined on page 36 shows that 
it should be sold, the Forest officer will designate the tmiber to be 
cut and fix the terms of sale. 

Tlie contract will be prepared in triplicate and executed and 
approved in duplicate. The purchaser should send 
Contract. ^^^^ required payment to the proper United States 

depository with a letter of transmittal given him by the Forest 
officer, v/ho will fill out two copies, mark one ''Duplicate" and for- 
ward it to tlie supervisor. Remittances should be made by postal 
money order, express order, or New York draft. Currency may be 
sent at owner's risk. Postage stamps, foreign money, uncertified 
checks, or defaced coin will not be accepted. The Forest officer, upon 
assurance that the required payment has been for\varded to the 
proper United States depository, wifi approve both copies of the con- 
tract and permit cutting and removal. He will forward the original 
to tlie supervisor, give the duplicate to the purchaser, and keep the 
triplicate for his files. 

Extension of cutting period, modification of the contract, or post- 
ponement of brush piling may be approved b}- the 
cont?a1:ts^.''^*'°"^ °^ officer approving the sale, under the Imiitations 
imposed by regulation S-7. Copies of all such modi- 
fications, includmg extensions, shall be sent to the super\dsor. 

Copies of the map and Forest description will be sent to the super- 
visor with the other papers. In sales of dead timber 
di^w?ption^ ^*'"'* only, however, such copies need not be furnished 
unless specifically required by the supervisor. 

Upon receipt from the ranger of the original of the contract and 
dujilicate letter of transmittal in the supervisor's office 
vis^'i^s offici: ^''^°^' tfiey will be examined as to their correctness and to 
determme if consistent with approved and existmg 
rates and poficy. A white timber sale record card (Form 615) v.ill 
be filled out and filed alphabetically. The duplicate letter of trans- 
mittal will be placed m a reminder file, which will be examined 
weekly and the ranger notified of cases m wlfich payments are two 
weeks late. Upon receipt from the district fiscal agent of the original 
letter of transmittal with the proper notation of receipt, the amount 
paid will be checked agamst the amount due, as sho\\Ti by the letter 
of transmittal, and the amount paid and date of receipt entered on 
the timber sale record card. The original will then be forwarded to 
the payee and the duplicate, with a notation of pajmient received, 
to the ranger. Should the notification of receipt reach the super- 
visor before the letter of transmittal from the ranger, the data will 
be entered on a timber sale record card and completed upon receipt 
of the letter of transmittal and contract from the ranger. 

Unless required by the supervisor, cutting reports (Form 820) need 
not be submitted until the sale is ready for closing. 

cutting reports. ^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ Compared with the card record as directed 

under ''Records and reports," page 59. 

The ranger will submit a cutting report (Form 820) in dupficate 

with his recommendations. If approved by the 

'*^''^' supervisor the dupficate copy wUl be stamped" This 

case is closed" and returned to the ranger, who ^\dll transfer the 

5276°— 11 2 



16 NATIONAL FOEEST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 

folder to the closed files. The supervisor will retam the original and 
will transfer the folder and the card (Form 615) to his closed cases. 

CLASS B: SUPERVISOR'S SALES NOT EXCEEDING $100 IN VALUE. 

Application may be made through any Forest officer, but the super- 
visor must approve the contract. If the latter 
decides that a sale should be made, after an examma- 
tion in accordance with the instructions on page 36, the applicant 
should forward to the United States depository the payment required, 
and receive from the supervisor an approved copy of his contract. 
Procedure in other respects follows that outlined under class A sales. 
Where no living timber is involved, maps or Forest descriptions 
need not be prepared unless they are required by the 
de^wfption!^ Forest supervisor or are necessary in the judgment of the 
Forest officer making the examination. 
Since the law definitely limits the amount of timber which can be 
sold in an individual sale without advertisement to a 
_^^May not exceed yahie of not more than $100, great care will be taken, 
in malang class B sales, that the value does not exceed 
$100. It is safer to make the sale a little under the $100 limit to allow 
for possible excess cutting. If the value of the timber cut exceeds 
$100 it -wdll be necessary to make a new sale of the amount cut in 
excess, but where the amount of a sale together with a small overcut 
does not exceed $100 the overcut should be accounted for as an excess 
cutting on the original contract. 

Repeated sales of unadvertised timber to the same 
Repeated sales. purchaser, in order to avoid advertising, are not per- 
mitted. 

CLASS C: SUPERVISOR'S ADVERTISED SALES. 

The amount of timber which can be advertised is limited to the 
amount named in the supervisor's letter of authority, 

pp ca ion. -whether the timber is advertised under a general notice 

or in response to an application. This authority is given only to the 
person named in the letter, and is not incident to the office. 

Upon receipt of an informal appfication to purchase timber the 
Forest super\asor will determine, m accordance with the procedure 
outhned under ''Exammation of timber applied for," on page 36, 
whether the sale can be made. 

The formal application will be prepared in quadruplicate. Two 
copies ^vi\\ be transmitted to the appficant, the origmal of which 
should be executed and returned to the supervisor. A copy will be 
forwarded to the ranger. 

Upon receipt of the formal appfication or upon receipt of the 
report in general notice sales, the case will be recorded on a salmon- 
colored timber-sale record card (Form 615) which will be filed under 
timber sales alphabetically. 

The notice of sale will be prepared in triplicate by the supervisor 
as soon as the application is approved and the adver- 
tising deposit of $50 has been made. The signed 
original \^dll be sent to the publisher; the first carbon, on which the 
name of the newspaper is entered, will be sent to the district forester, 
and the second carbon filed. 



NATIONAL FOEEST MANUAL TIMBER SALES, 17 

As soon as the first publication has appeared, it should be com- 
pared with the file copy for mistakes. One copy of 
tis^ment* °^ *'^'"" Form 935, with pablished notice attached, must 
be sent to the district forester, and a second copy filed 
by the last date for receiving bids as a reminder of the expiration of 
the advertisement. 

The form of notice of sale and further mstructions are given under 
"Advertisement," page 20. 

The origmal applicant and other ]^ros]:)ective bidders will be noti- 
„ ^ ^ ^ fied as soon as publication has begun, insti'ucted to 

Bids and awards, p i i • i -/i • .i • i -c i • xi 

forward bids withm tlie period specmed m the notice 
of sale, and furnished with Form 941 and salmon-colored bid 
envelopes. (See p. 23, under ''Bids and awards.") 

The supervisor should notify the successful bidder that the sale 
has been awarded to him and that the final agreement, and bond if 
required, will be sent to iiim within a specified time. 

A cojiy of all bids submitted shall be marked "For the information 
of the district forester," and forwarded to the district office. 

Further instructions are given under "Bids and awards," page 23. 
The final contract will be prepared on Form 202 in quadrui)licate 
and executed and approved in duplicate. The 
approved original is for the supervisor's files, the 
du])licate for the purchaser, the third copy will be forwarded imme- 
diately after approval to the district forester, and the fourth copy, 
showing the dates and signatures of execution and approval, should 
be sent to the officer in charge of the sale. 

Further instructions are given under "Contracts," page 23. 
If a bond is required the supervisor will prepare it in duplicate on 
Form 377, send the original to the purchaser for exe- 
cution with the contract and tlie duphcate to the 
district forester proj^erly filled in immediately after the execution and 
approval of the original. The original will be approved by the super- 
visor and filed with his record of the case. 

Further instructions are given under "Bonds," page 24. 
If advance cutthig is allowed by the Secretary, the application vnl\ 
be prepared in quadruplicate and executed in dupli- 
ng. p^^g_ The original agreement after approval by the 
supervisor is for the supervisor's files, the dupHcate for the purchaser, 
and the tliird and fourth copies with the dates of execution and ap- 
proval written in for the district forester and the officer in charge of 
the sale. Instructions governing advance cutting are given on page 25. 
The letter of transmittal (Form 861) will be made out in duplicate 
by Forest officers and the original sent to the pur- 
mutai" °^ *^^°^" chaser to be forwarded with each deposit to the proper 
United States depository ; the duplicate will be filed 
m the supervisor's office m a waitmg file and handled thereafter as 
in class A sales. 

Copies of the map, estimate, report, application, notice of sale. 

Form 935, contract, bond, and important modifica- 

re^ord';'"'* ^°^^'*"'' tious will be Submitted to the district forester as they 

are prepared, except the contract and bond, wliich 

will be submitted after execution and approval. 

„, . Class C sales will be closed in the same manner as 

Closing. , . 1 

class A sales. 



18 NATIONAL FOEEST MANUAL^ TIMBER SALES. 

The application and report in advertised sales will be examined for 
the purpose of ascertaining whether they are in 
tn^rofficef^' *^'^" accordance with the preceding instructions and with 
instructions to the supervisor as to price, amount, 
period, and other conditions. Special care is necessary to see that 
cutting ^vill be done in accordance with the preliminary or final 
worldng plan, and that the plan for marking agrees with the policy 
adopted for the Forest and type. 

The carbon of the notice of sale will be checked, with particular 
attention to the period allowed for submitting bids, the location of 
the cutting areas, the estimate, price, and deposits required. 

The published notice of sale (Form 935) wUl be checl^ed with the 
carbons previously received from the supervisor, and fUed as a 
reminder against the receipt of the contract and bond. 

If advance cutting has been allowed, the copy of the application 
will be reviewed. When the papers have been reviewed, they will 
be returned to the supervisor, with instructions or comments if 
necessar}^ No record wdl be kept in the district office. 

Supervisors who have shown their ability to handle class C sales 
properly may, in the discretion of tlie district forester, be authorized 
to discontinue sending papers to the district office, except when 
necessary for examination by district assistants to the solicitor of 
authority of officers of incorporated companies to execute the con- 
tract for the company. 

CLASS D: DISTRICT FORESTER'S AND FORESTER'S SALES. 

The steps are the same as in class C sales untU the supervisor has 
received the formal application signed by the appli- 
saks *appUcation^^^ caut. If the supcrvisor decides to recommend the 
sale, he will notify the applicant to forward S50 to 
the proper United States depository to cover the cost of advertising, 
and will send the application to tlie district forester with the report, 
estimate, and map. If the supervisor recommends the approval of 
the application v/ithout modification, he will initial in the lower left- 
hand corner of the first page. If he wishes to recommend any modi- 
fication of the application or to give a more detailed explanation of 
any features of the examination or application, he will do so in a 
letter sent with the other papers. 

Where advisable, a sample contract, unexecuted, containing all of 
Sam le contract ^^^^ provisious of the proposcd Sale, ma,y be sub- 
mitted to the district forester in lieu of a formal 
application. When, however, the privilege of advance cutting is 
desired the applicant will in every instance be required to sim a 
formal application before his application for advance cutting will be 
considered. 
Card record A blue timbcr-sale rccord Card (Form 615) will be 

filled out by the supervisor and filed as in class A sales. 
The application or sample contract will be examined by the district 
forester as under class C sales, and if approved, a timber-sale record 
card (Form 615) wili be filled out and filed. 

The supervisor will be notified immediately of any necessary 
modifications in the application, and will obtain the 
cation^^^^ ^ ^^^^^" consent of the applicant to such modifications before 
proceeding with the notice of sale. 



NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 19 

After approval of the application or sample contract and receipt 

Notice of sale '^^ deposit to cover advertisino;, a notice of sale will 

be prepared^ in the district office, with two carbons, 

the original signed by the district forester, and with one carbon sent 

to the supervisor, who will have it published in accordance with the 

instructions under "Advertisement," page 20. 

As soon as the advertisement begins, the supervisor will check the 

pul)lished notice of sale with the file copy for mis- 

tis^ment* °^ ^^^^^' takes, aucl forward jForm 935 to the district forester. 

The published notice of sale (Form 935) will be 

reviewed by the district forester and filed as a promise card to check 

the expiration of the advertisement. 

The supervisor will notify the original applicant and other pros- 
Bids and awards. P^^iive bidders as soon as advertisement is begun, 
instructing them to forward their bids within the 
period specified in the notice of sale. He will furnish them with 
copies of Form 941 and blue bid envelopes. 

After the bids are opened, the district forester will immediately 
notify the supervisor of the names of bidders, the amount of each 
bid, and the award. See ' ' Bids and awards," page 23. 

A contract, Form 202, will then be prepared by the district forester 
Contract with fouF car])ons. One copy will be filed and the 

original and three carbons sent to the supervisor, who 
will have the original and one carbon executed by the purchaser and 
return them to the district office. The third copy will be retained 
in the supervisor's files, and the fourth sent to tlie officer in charge 
of the sale. The contract will be submitted to the district assistant 
to the solicitor for examination. After the district forester has 
approved both copies, the duplicate will be forwarded to the pur- 
chaser through the supervisor and the original filed in the safe. 

When the apjiioved duplicate of the contract is received by tlie 
supervisor, he will enter the signature and dates of execution and 
approval on his copy, and notify the officer in charge of the sale in 
order that the latter may take the same action. 

The bond, if one is necessary, will be ])repared in duplicate and tlie 
Th-'bond original sent to the purchaser for execution through 

the supervisor. The executed and approved original 
will be submitted to the district assistant to the solicitor for examina- 
tion and will be retained in the district office. The duplicate, with 
dates and signatures filled in, will be filed with the supervisor. 

Application for advance cutting will be prepared by the supervisor 
Adancecuttm ^^^ quadruplicate, and executed and forwarded in 
ng. j^ip}icjjt,(3 {o the district forester. The district for- 
ester will review the a])plication, and approve it if satisfactory and 
such action a})pears advisable, after obtaining authority from the 
Secretary. The original will be retained in the district office and the 
duplicate returned to the supervisor. The supervisor will make the 
necessary entries on the remaining copies, forward the du])licate to 
tlie purchaser, retain the third copy, and send the fourth to the officer 
in charge of the sale. 

If the application is disapproved, the supervisor will be directed to 
inform the purchaser of the reasons for such action. 



20 NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL — TIMBER SALES. 

In the discretion of the district forester, supervisors may be 
Work which may required to prepare notices of sale to be submitted 
be required of super- with the apphcatiou, to receivc bids, or to prepare 
"^'''^" the contracts and bonds. 

For sales which exceed the district forester's limit, the application, 
Forester's sales together witli the report, estimate, map, and tlie 
supervisor's and district forester's recommendations, 
will be forwarded to the Forester for his approval. Wlien the Forester 
has approved the application, the district forester will sign the notice 
of sale and proceed with the advertisement. After the contract has 
been properly executed cutting may begin, but the contract and bond 
should be forwarded to the Forester for approval, with extra copies 
for filing. The sale will then be handled as a district forester's sale, 
except that modifications of the contract can be made only witli the 
Forester's approval. 

Where advisable, a sample contract, unexecuted, containing all of 
the provisions of the proposed sale, may be submitted to the Forester 
in lieu of a formal application. When, however, the privilege of 
advance cutting is desired the applicant will in every instance be 
required to sign a formal application before his application for advance 
cutting will be considered. Upon approval of the sample contract 
by the Forester, the district forester will proceed with negotiations 
with the applicant and advertise the sale if its conditions are accepted 
by him. It is essential that no final assurances be given to prospec- 
tive purchasers until the Forester has passed upon the application or 
sample contiact. 

ADVERTISEMENT. 

Advertisement of sales of timber exceeding $100 in amount is re- 
period quired by act of June 6, 1900 (31 Stat., 661), for a 

period of not less than 30 days. 

Advertisements must be published in papers included in the yearly 

authorization issued to the supervisor by the Secre- 

nw a papers. ^^^^^ ^^ Agriculture. If publication in other papers 

is advisable, the authority of the Secretary should be requested 

through the Forester. 

If the notice of sale is to be published in more than one newspaper, 
an original copy will be sent to each. The last day for receiving bids 
named in all tlie papers must be the same. 

The notice of sale must announce the time and place of filing bids, 
the location and approximate amount of timber, the 

Essential features. j.j.i,i*j.i ixi i ii 

amount to be deposited, and the name and address 
of the supervisor from wiiom full information can be obtained. 
It will state that the right to reject any or all bids is reserved. 

Great care will be taken to determine and designate closely the 

location of the timber which is advertised. If the 
^Location of tim- \^j^(\ included ill the notice of sale is unsurveyed, the 

word "approximately" should be inserted in the de- 
scription of the probable legal subdivisions. Whether the land is 
surveyed or unsurveyed, the location should be given with reference 
to watersheds or well-known natural objects, as well as by legal or 
approximate legal subdivisions, so that if by any chance a mistake is 
made in naming the subdivision it wiU not be necessary to readvertise 
the timber. 



NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL — TIMBER SALES. 21 

The notice of sale of timber for which apphcation has been made 
should take the following form, with such modifica- 

Form of advertise- ,• i t, r • _ 

ment. tions as may be necessary by reason oi varymg re- 

quirements of the sale: 

SALE OF TIMBER , , 

(City.) (State.) (Date.) 

Sealed bids marked outside, ' ' Bid, timber-sale application, , 

(Date of application.) 

, " and addressed to the Forest Supervisor, 

(Name of Forest.) 

National Forest, , (or " to the District Forester, Forest Service, 

(City.) (State.) 

, , " if class D sale), will be received up to and including the 

(City.) (State.) 

day of , , for all the merchantable dead timber standing or 

(Month.) (Year.) 

down and all the live timber marked (or designated) for cutting by a Forest officer, 
located on an area to be definitely designate.d by a Forest officer before cutting begins, 

including about acres in approximately sec , T , R , 

M. on the "watershed of River, within the 

National Forest, estimated to be feet board measure of live saw 

(Species.) 

timber, log scale, and cords of cordwood, more or less. No bid of less than 

$ per thousand feet board measure for saw timber and $ per cord for 

cordwood will be considered, and a deposit of $ payable to the order of the 

National Bank of , , must be sent to that bank for 

(City.) (State.) 

each bid submitted to the supervisor (or district forester). Timber upon valid claims is 
exempt from sale. The right to reject any and all bids is reserved. For further infor- 
mation and regulations governing sales address Forest Supervisor, 

National Forest, , (or District Forester, , ) . 

(City.) (State.) (City.) (State.) 



(Signature of forest supervisor or district forester.) 



(Title.) 

In order to make the advertisement legal, the last day for receiving 
bids must be at least 30 days from the first appearance 
^Date for receiving: ^f ^1^^ advertisement, but need not be the date of its 
final appearance. Care should be taken, therefore, 
to see that the date up to wliich bids will be received, which the 
supervisor should insert in the copy to be furnished to the publislier, 
is the same day in the following month as the date of the first publica- 
tion. If, however, the first publication appears on January 29, 30, 
or 31, the final date for receiving bids should be March 1, 2, or 3, as 
the case may be. If the first publication appears in Februar}'', the 
final date for receiving bids should be two days later in March than 
the date of the first publication. If in any case the last day for 
receiving bids falls on Sunday or a legal holiday, the final date should 
be the following day. 

If material mistakes appear, they should be corrected and the 
date up to which bids will be received changed to the 
taSe"^°*^°^ ™*^" thirtieth day after the first appearance of the cor- 
rected advertisement. A full period of 30 days will 



22 . NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL^ — TIMBER SALES. 

thus be allowed for submitting bids. However, the total number of 
times the notice of sale, whether correct or incorrect, is published 
should not exceed five. 

If the notice of sale is to provide for the sale of only a part of the 
timber advertised, the notice should read, "for all 
timber advtrteed.*'^ t)r ^nj part of the merchantable dead timber stand- 
ing or down and aU of the live timber marked (or 
designated) for cutting, etc." 

Timber for which there is likely to be a demand and wluch should 
„ , ^. be promptly cut for silvicultural reasons may be 

General notice. i -^ i • i i i ±- • i e i • 

advertised by a general notice m advance or apphca- 
tion to purchase, upon approval by the officer authorized to sell the 
amount of timber involved. 

It is desirable to call the attention of prospective purchasers by 
such notices to timber which is insect infested, bodies of dead timber 
which are deteriorating, or timber the removal of wliich will benefit 
the Forest. 

The advertisement for a general notice should follow the same form 
as the apphcation notice, given above, with the following changes: 

The words "Bid, timber sale application, , 

(Date of application.) 

" should be changed to ' ' Bid, timber sale, 

(Name of Forest.) 

general notice, , " 

(Date.) (Name of Forest.) 

Wlienever a timber sale is to be advertised, the supervisor will issue 

to the pubhsher of the newspaper or other publica- 

^ Authority to pub- ^:^^^ ^^ wliich the advertisement is to appear a Form 

BF "Authority to publish advertisement," which will 

be transmitted with the notice of sale and a copy of the advertising 

rate form. A copy of each Form BF issued will be retained. 

In fiUing out Form BF, the designation of the case, name of Forest, 
date, name of paper, place of publication, and date and number of 
the Secretary's authorization must be inserted in the proper blank 
Hues. Other data mil be filled in as indicated by the italicized clauses 
of the following: 

You are hereby authorized to publish the inclosed advertisement for proposals for 

the purchase of timber from lands ivithin the National Forest in 

the weekly edition of your paper /li'e (5) times, as follows: Consecutively, preceding 
the date up to which bids will be received (thirty (30) days from first publication), 
provided your charges, etc. 

The publisher's attention will be directed to the fact that adver- 
tisements must be set up like the sample wliich appears on the 
second page of Form BF, since charges for display headings can not 
be allowed. The matter must be set up solid, without paragraphing, 
and with the signature and title of the officer signing the advertise- 
ment "run in." 

Allien the advertisement has run for the time ordered, tlie pub- 
lisher of the newspaper wdll fill out the voucher attached to Form 
BF and transmit it, with an affidavit of publication, to the district 
fiscal agent. If the publisher's sworn rates are not already on file, 
these must accompany the account. 



NATIONAL FOEEST MANUAL — TIMBER SALES. 23 

In order that large sales may be given all possible publicity, 

supervisors will, during the period of advertising, 

^^dditionai public- p^g^ p^p-gg Qf j,.^^j.j^j y75 where they wiU attract the 

notice of the general public. 
BIDS AND AWARDS. 

Instructions concerning deposits in connection wdth bids are given 
Deposits under "Payments, deposits, refunds, and transfers," 

page 27. 
Envelopes containing bids will be stamped with the date of receipt 
Handung of bids J^^^ filed, unopcued, by sales under the date of open- 
ing. At 2 o'clock p. m., on the day following the 
final date for receiving bids, all the bids submitted will be opened by 
the supervisor or district forester, as the case may be, in the presence 
of one or more witnesses. Bidders may be ])resent at the o])ening 
of the bids if they desire. The original bids should be indorsed witJi 
the date opened and a list of those present. Bids for lower r;ites 
than those named in th.e notice of sale can not be considered. If no 
bids have been received, the a})})licant will be rocpiestod by the super- 
visor to submit a bid immechately. 

The sale will be awarded to tlie highest bidder, unless such an 

j^^g^^^ award will create a monopoly, or unless the higliesb 

bidder is debarred from the use of the National Forest 

by his pre^aous acts, or tlie public interest presents some unforeseen 

objection to the sale. 

Whenever practicable, timber for w^hich more than one l)id has 
been received may be allotted among several bidders at the highest 
price ofiered by any one of them or at such variations in price, in no 
case less than that stated in the advertisem.ent, as will equalize dif- 
ferences in the quality or accessibility of the timber on diiferent parts 
of tlie sale area. 

If any portion of the timber is awarded to another than the appli- 
cant, a new timber sale record card vnll be filled out and filed by the 
supervisor and also by the district forester in class D sales. 

When tlie contract is returned, executed, the data on the timber 
Refunds to unsuc- salc rccord cards will be cliecked by the officer a])prov- 
cessfui bidders. jj^g ^j^g gj^^g r^^^^^\ Jejiosits iiiado by unsuccessful bid- 

ders refunded in accordance witii the instructions on page 28. 

CONTRACTS. 

The contract should not be submitted to the successful bidder for 
^^ ^ ,^^ _, execution until assurance is received that the deposit 

When submitted. • i • ^ i i i i • i i ^ i ^ 

required with tiie bid has been made. 
Every reasonable effort will be made by the su])ervisor to secure 
T,.^™ + +.„ t,he promiit execution of all agreements and bonds. 

Prompt execution. -^ « » ' ^ ^ , " , i i t 

It lor any reason t!ie agreement and bond are not 
executed, the district forester will 1)0 notified and tlie case closed. 
Form 202 will be used in the preparation of contracts, with the 
p^jjjjj insertion of such special clauses as particular cases 

may require. 
If two or more persons who are not partners purchase timber, the 
names of all will be given in full at the beginning of the contract and 



24 NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL^ TIMBER SALES. 

all will be required to sign. The variation in form and requirements 
for execution when the sale is made to an individual, a partnership, 
or a corporation, or is a private sale are outlined on Form 202, 
Unless the contract pro\ades for the sale of only a part of the timber 
advertised it will follow the advertisement absolutely in the descrip- 
tion of the lands and the amount and location of the timber included 
in the sale. 

Evidence of authority of the person who executes a contract or 

bond on behalf of a corporation will be obtained, and 

thority.'^''* °* ^^' ill every case submitted to the district assistant to 

the solicitor for approval as to its sufficiency. Such 

evidence will be filed with the approved original of the contract. 

As evidence of the authority of the officer signing for any incor- 
porated company, wliether purchaser or surety, a copy of, or extract 
from, the articles of incorporation, the by-laws, or resolutions of the 
board of directors, wliichever it may be that authorizes the officer 
to execute the papers for the company, will be required. This copy 
or extract will be certified by the secretary of the company under the 
corporate seal in substantially the form outlined in Form 319. 

The resolution indicated on Form 319 will be required in substan- 
tially the following form : 

It is resolved by the board of directors of the , that it is for 

(Name of company.) 

Form of resolution, the best interest of said company that 

(Name of president or otlier officer.) 

the of said company, 

(President, secretary, etc.) 
be authorized to execute any and all instruments of any character whatsoever that 
may be drawn by said company to the United States Government in any and all of 
its departments now or hereafter and until this resolution is duly revoked, and 

, of said 

(Name of ofHcer.) (President, secretary, etc.) 

, is hereby directed and authorized to execute and deliver 

(Name of company.) 

for and in behalf of said company and as its act and deed to the United States Govern- 
ment and any or all of its departments any and all instruments drawn by said com- 
pany to said Government or any or all of its departments, and to affix to said instru- 
ments the corporate name and seal of said corporation. 

Wlien witnesses are required to the execution of any contract, if 
possible one will be a Forest officer and the other the 
witnesses. notary public who takes the acknowledgment of the 

bond. 

BONDS. 

A bond will be required in all sales involving timber above $3,000 
. ^ in value, and in sales for smaller amounts when it is 

When required. • i i i j i • m j • 

considered necessary by the approving officer to insure 
com])liance with the contract. 

The following table is not intended to establish a hard and fast 
rule in fixing the amount of bonds, but rather is to be used as a guide. 



NATIONAL FOEEST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 



25 



When, because of special conditions, a Isirger bond 
Amount of bonds. -^ advisable the amounts given in the table should 

be increased. 



Amount of s«le. 


Amount of 
bond. 


SS.OOO-So.OOO 
5,000-10,000 
10,000-20,000 
20,000-30,000 
30,000-40,000 
40,000-75,000 
Above 75,000 


$500 
1,000 
2,000 
3,000 
4,000 
5,000 
$6,000-20,000 



Sureties on bonds. 



Form 377 will be used. The bond will follow the contract abso- 
lutely in its reference to the purchaser, the descrip- 
^°'^™' tion of the timber, and the terms of the sale. It is 

essential that the date of the execution of the contract appear in the 
bond and that the bond be approved on the same date as the contract. 
The original only will be executed and will be filed with the original 
of the contract. 

Under authority of the acts of August 13, 1894, and March 23, 
1910, the Treasury Department issues lists of surety 
companies authorized to act as surety on bonds to the 
United States. Only the surety companies on these lists, copies 
of which will be furnislied to district foresters, may be accepted. 
While surety companies rather than individuals are preferred, pur- 
chasers can not be required to furnish corporate surety. The Treas- 
ury Department determines the responsibility of the surety companies 
in the lists, but it is extremely important that the responsibility of 
individual sureties be established and made a matter of record. If 
the purchaser is a corporation or a copartnership, sureties other than 
its officers, stockholders, or partners will be secured. 

The responsibility of individual sureties should be established by 
the signing of the "certificate of solvency" attached to the bond. 
Form 377, by a judge or clerk of a State court of record, a judge, 
clerk, or deputy clerk of a United States court, a Umted States 
attorney or one of liis assistants, a United States commissioner or a 
postmaster. 

In accordance with the act of March 2, 1895 (28 Stat., 807), every 

bond should be examined by the district fiscal agent 

Periodic examina- ,^^^[ ^j^q district assistant to the solicitor at least once 

tlon of bonds. n ,i p j^ • • xi 

every two years ror the purpose ot ascertainmg tne 
sufficiency of the sureties. 

Evidence of the authority of a person signing a bond as principal 
or surety on behalf of a corporation will be securetl in 
Evidence of au- accordance with the instructions under ''Contracts," 
page 23, and filed with the origmal. 

ADVANCE CUTTING. 



thority. 



Applications for advance cutting will be discouraged, and will be 
approved or recommended only to prevent serious 
^ou^aS*'*""^ ^'^' hardship or delay or unnecessary expense to the pur- 
chaser. Forest officers will encourage purchasers to 



26 NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 

siil:)niit applications far enoiigli in advance to make advance cutting 
unnecessary. 

Form of appUca- Tlic application for advance cutting will take the 
*^°'^- following form: 

APPLICATIOlSr FOR ADVANCE CUTTING. 

(Case designation.) • 



(Title of approving officer.) 
(Address.) 



Sir: 



, , of , , herebv 

(I or we.) (Name of applicant.) (City.) (State.) 

apply for the privilege of advance cutting to the amotint of 

(M feet b. III., cords, etc.) 

under timber-sale application of 

(my or our.) (Date.) 

National Forest, If this application is approved 

(State.) 

do hereby, in consideration of the granting of said privilege, i^romise 

(I or we.) 

and agree to deposit with the National Bank of 

, (United States depository), to be 

(City.) (State.) 

placed to the credit of the United States, in advance of cutting, a sum sufficient, in 
the judgment of the Forest officer in charge, to cover the estimated value of all such 
timber as may be cut under this application prior to notice of the award of the sale 
of the timber included in said timber-sale application; and to submit, in accordance 
with the directions in the notice of sale, based on said timber-sale application, a bid 
of not less than the minimum rate (or rates) named in said notice of sale, and further to 
pay said depository for all the timber cut as aforesaid, at not less than tlie minimum 
rate (or rates) named in the said notice of sale, or, if a bid higher than thezninimum rate 

(or rates) is received, at the rate (or rates) of said bid. And further prom- 

(I or we.) 

ise and agree to cut and remove said timber in strict accordance with all and singu- 
lar the rules, regulations, and provisions set forth in said application and such modi- 
fications thereof as may be made by the approving officer. 

A deposit of dollars ($ ) has been sent to said depository to cover the 

estimated value of such timber as may be cut in advance as aforesaid. 

Signed in duplicate this . . day of , 19. . 



(Signature of applicant.) 
Approved at» , under the above conditions, 19. . 



(Signature of aj^iproving officer.) 



(Tille.) 

All requests for advance cutting will be submitted to the Secretary 

for approval, through the Forester, in accordance 

with Kegulation S-8. Requests bv wire should state 

the amount, stumpage rates at which the timber will be advertised, 

and conditions creating an emergency. Upon approval of the request 

by the Secretary, the formal application will be approved by the 



NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 27 

Forest officer having jurisdiction in accordance with the foregoing 
instructions. 

Wlienever it is probable that other bids besides that of the appH- 
cant for advance cutting will be submitted, sufficient 
bidS'°''^°^°^''^^ timber should be advertised as far as possible to satisfy 
the other bids in the event that they exceed that of 
the original applicant. Awards of timber should, if practicaljle, be 
made to both the original applicant and to such other persons who 
may liave outbid him, at the highest price ofl'ercd by any bidder. 
The apphcant for advance cutting must, however, be given hrst con- 
sideration in the award, provided tliat he will contract for all timber 
cut and to be cut at the highest price bid. 

,. The permit for advance cutting does not give the applicant the right 
to take all the timber which he has apphed for at the 
amJiI^t.*^**°'' '"^ rate of the highest bid, but merely to take such tim- 
ber as he cuts before the completion of the advertise- 
ment. In no ctise will he be allowed to cut timber in excess of the 
amount covered by his deposit. If the only bid received is from the 
applicant for advance cutting and it is accepted, the supervisor may 
allow cutting to continue after the expiration of the advertisement 
and until the contract is presented for execution if the deposits are 
sufficient. A bid must be submitted and the contract providing for 
payment at the highest price bid executed immediately, otherwise 
cutting wiU be suspended until these requirements are met. 

PRIVATE SALE. 

Contracts, including timber which has been advertised but for 
which no satisfactory bid was received or sales consummated, may 
be made at any time, through private negotiations, by the officer 
having authority to sell the amount of timber involved. The price 
must be not less than the highest price offered if any bid was received, 
and in no case less tlian the minimum named in the advertisement. 
The procedure in classes V and D sales will be followed, except as to 
advertisement. 

SALE OF MATERIAL SEIZED. 

In cases of seizure or recaption the seized material may be sold 
to the highest bidder. Where the value is over SI 00 it should, if 
practicable, be advertised if this will result in securing a higher 
price. It is permissible, however, to secure informal bids, provided 
the full vakie of the material can thus be secured. No sale should 
be made without specific authority and instructions from the dis- 
trict forester, acting upon the advice of the assistant to the Solicitor. 

PAYMENTS, DEPOSITS, REFUNDS, AND TRANSFERS. 

Forest officers will see that no timber is cut or removed in advance 
^^ ^ of payment, and that a sufficient amount is always on 

aymea s. deposit to iusure against overcutting. In order that 

operations may not be delayed, purchasers will be notified in ample 
time when an additional payment is re([uired. Failure to make 
prompt payment when requested is cause for suspending operations, 
provided the amount cut equals in value the amount on deposit 
or may do so before a second payment can be made. Requests for 



28 



NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 



postponement of payments can not be considered. In sales of SlOO 
or less the full amount in one payment will, wherever possible, be 
required in advance of cutting. 

In determining the amount of deposits with bids and the size of 
jjg ^^.^^ payments in all but classes A and B timber sales the 

following schedule may be used as a guide, but may 
be increased to meet special conditions, such as a large daily cut: 



Amount of sale. 


Amount of 
deposit. 


Under §250 


S50 


$250- 500 


100 


500- 1,000 


200 


1,000- 5,000 


1200- 500 


5,000-10,000 


1500-1,000 


10,000-20,000 


1,000 


20,000-30,000 


1,500 


30,000-40,000 


2,000 


40,000-50,000 


2,500 


50,000-00,000 


3,000 


60,000-70,000 


4,000 


Above 70,000 


25,000 



1 In even hundreds. 

2 Or more, as required. 

Money deposited to cover cost of advertisement and to secure ad- 
vance cutting may be credited toward the amount to accompany bid. 

Deposits to cover cost of advertising and to accompany bids apply 
on the first payment if the sale is awarded to the 
depositor, otherwise they will be refunded. If, how- 
ever, an examination is made and timber advertised as a result of 
an application, and the purchaser fails to complete the sale, a sum 
sufhcient to cover the cost of making the examination and adver- 
tising the timber may be retained, in the discretion of the officer 
approving the sale. Refunds to bidders will be made on vouchers 
prepared by the supervisor in class C sales and the district forester 
m class D sales. 

If a purchaser who has deposited money m a timber sale afterwards 
violates any of the terms of his contract, an amount sufficient to 
cover damages thereby caused to the United States may be withheld 
from a refund otherwise due the j)urchaser. 

Purchasers who have complied with the terms of their contract 
and have cut all the designated timber from a sale area are entitled 
to a refund of any balance they may have on deposit. When a 
contract is canceled by mutual agreement, a refund of the amount 
not due the United States may be made provided the terms of the 
contract have been complied with. Generally speaking, all money 
not due the Government on any transaction will be refunded unless 
the purchaser has willfully neglected to remove his timber within the 
time specified or has been negligent in carrying out the terms of the 
contract. vSales will not be closed by supervisors while a balance is 
due the purchaser without filing a written explanation of the reasons 
on which the action is based unless the amount is $1 or less. Refunds 
of $1 or less will not be made unless the purchaser definitely requests it. 

In cases in which a purchaser is entitled to a refund the supervisor 
will prepare a Form A voucher in duplicate. He will see that the 
amount and date of deposit and the amount and value of the timber 
cut are correct. When several deposits have been made the date 



NATIONAL FOEEST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 29 

and amount of each will be given. The proper case designation will 
be given, so that the transaction may be identified with certainty. 
Refunds can be made only to the original de])ositor or his legal 
representatives, and in the latter case an exemplified copy of letters 
testamentaiy or of administration must accompany the voucher. 
The original will be executed by the depositor or his legal represen- 
tative and the correctness of the amount certified to by the Forest 
supervisor, who will transmit it to the district forester for approval 
before payment. 

When the executed original voucher is forwarded to the district 
forester by the supervisor, the latter should enter on the record card 
in the case the amount to he refunded as though the refinid had 
already been made. No notice will be sent to the supervisor that 
the refund has been made. In case a voucher is not approved the 
supervisor will be notified by the district forester and the refund 
entry should then be stricken off the card. 

Deposits may be transferred to a payor's credit on another transac- 
tion of the same class, as from one sale to another. 
Transfers. without a Written request, but his written consent 

will be obtained to transfers between transactions of different classes. 
Deposits may be transferred to the credit of another person only 
with the written consent of the original dojwsitor. Proper notations 
will, in each case of transfer, 1)0 made on the card records. 

The following form, with required modifications, may be used 
whenever necessary : 

(Case designation.; 

(Title of approving officer.) 
(Address.) 

Sir: 

, , of , , purchaser. . of the 

(I or we) (Name) (Town) (State) 

timber in the above designated timber sale, National Forest, respect- 
fully state that have deposited in connection herewith the sum of 

(I or we) 

$ ; that have cut thereunder timber of the value of $...... , which 

(I or we) 
is all the timber designated for cutting on the area included in said sale, and that all 

the terms of the contract have been fully complied with , therefore, 

(I or we) 
request that the balance of $ , due as an overpayment in said sale, be transferred 

to credit on timber sale of 

(my or our) (the) (of) (my or our) (his or their) 

on said National Forest. 

(Date) 

Signed in duplicate this day of 19. . . 



(Signature) 



A.pproved at , , , 19 . . . 

(City.) (State.) (Date.) 



(Signature of approving officer) 
(Title) 



30 NATIONAL. FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 

Forest users, when asked to make payments, \vill be furnrslied by 
Forest officers with a form letter of transmittal 
mntaif" °^ ^^^^^' properly filled out to be sent to the depository with 
the payment. A duplicate will be forwarded at once 
to the supervisor. Duplicates will be held in a promise file. When 
the orif^uial is received from the fiscal agent and the necessary record 
made, it will be forwarded to the payor, and the duplicate, with proper 
notation, returned to the ranger. 

MODIFICATION OF CONTRACT. 

Verbal modiflca- No Forcst officer has Or will be given authority to 
tion prohibited. i^odify any agreement verbally. 

Modification will be made to prevent unnecessary hardship to pur- 
conditions under cliasers, subjcct to the restrictions stated in Regula- 
which inociincations tion S-7. For example, when tlie purchaser fails to 
wiubeauowed. removc the designated amount of timber in the speci- 
fied time through unavoidable circumstances, the modification of the 
contract may be considered, if not disadvantageous to the United 
States. 
Postponement of Postponement of payments, however, wdll not be 

payments. allowed 

When a bond has been given, the consent of the 
ties?"^^'^* °* ^'^^' sureties must be secured before any modification of 
contract is approved. 

The necessary evidence of authority of the person 
thority."^^ °^ ^^' "^^1^0 signs on behalf of a corporation shall always be 
obtained. 
In all cases applications to modify contracts under tlie terms of 
Regulation S-7, will be submitted by or through the district forester 
to the district assistant to the solicitor for determination of the legal- 
ity of such modification before it shall be approved. 
"The follo\\dng form, varied as required by conditions, will be 
_ „ ,.„ used for the mociification of contracts in advertised 

Form for modiflca- . 
tion of contract. SalCS '. 

APPLICATION FOR MODIFICATION OP CONTRACT. 

(Case designation.) 

(Forest otlicer who will approve modification.) 

(Address.) 
Sir: 

of , 



(I or wo.) (Name of applicant.) 

State of , purchaser of timber in the above-designated case, 

National Forest, respectfully request that clause of the agreement signed in 

duplicate by , on the day of , 19. . , and approved by tlie 

(me or us.) 

on the day of , 19 . . , be 

(Title of approving ofFicer.) 
modified to read as follows: 



NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 31 

If this application is approved do hereby agree to cut and remove 

(I or we.) 
said timber in strict accordance with all and singular the terms and provisions of the 
aforesaid contract, except as herein modified. 

' further agree that if this application is approved a certain bond exe- 

(I or we.) 

cuted by as principal and 

(me or us.) 

and as suret . . at 



on the day of , 19 . . , and approved bjr the on the 

(Title of approving officer.) 
day of , 19. ., which was given to the United States of America to 

insure faithful compliance with the terms of the aforesaid contract, shall bind 

(me or U.S.) 

and said suret. . , and and heirs, executors, administrators, 

(my or our.) (its or their. ) 

successors, and assigns in the same manner as if said modifications had been included 
in the original contract, to insm'e compliance with wliich said bond was given. 

Signed in dui^licate this day of , 19 . . . 

(Signature of purchaser.) 
Witnesses: 



Approved at , under the above conditions , 19. . . 

(Signature of approving officer.) 

(Title.) 
^ Omit when bond has not been given. 

The following form will be used for the consent of sureties to 
the modification of agreement : 

Form, consent of " 

sureties. 

CONSENT OF SURETIES. 

(Case designation.) 

Know all men by these presents, That whereas we , 

(Name of surety must be same as in bond.) 

of , , and , of 

(City.) (State.) 

, , are sureties on a certain bond in the sum of dollars 

(City.) (State.) 

($ ), dated at , , on , , 19.., and given 

to the United States of America by , of 

(Name of purchaser.) 

, a corporation organized and existing under 

(Address of purchaser.) 

the laws of the State of and having an office and principal place of business 

in , , to insure faithful compliance with the terms of that cer- 
tain timber sale contract signed in duplicate by 

(Name of purchaser.) 

5276°— 11 3 



32 NATIONAL FOEEST MANUAL TIMBEK SALES. 

on the day of , 19 . . , and approved by 



(Title of officer. ) 
on the day of , 19 . . ; and 

Whereas the said has by an instru- 

(Name of purchaser.) 

ment in writing dated the day of , 19.., made application to the 

to have that part of said contract reading 

(Title of officer who will approve modification.) 



modified to read " ," 

and has promised and agreed if said application is approved to cut and remove said 
timber in strict accordance with all and singular the terms and provisions of the afore- 
said contract as modified by the conditions set forth in said application: 

Now, therefore, we, the said 



and , sureties as aforesaid, do hereby 

join in said application, and agree if the same is approved our bond shall bind us, 
our heirs, executors, administrators, successors, and assigns, and each and every one 
of us and them, jointly and severally, in the same manner as if said modification had 
been included in the contract to insiu-e compliance with which our bond was given. 

Dated at , , this day of , 19. . . 

(Same date as execution of application.) 



(Surety.) 
(Surety.)' 



State of 1 

>ss: 
CountyJ 

On this day of , 19 . . , before me, , 

(Name of notary.) 
a notary public in and for , , residing therein, duly 

sworn and acting under a commission expiring , 19. . , personally appeared 

, known to me to be 

(Name of sureties.) 

the of the , the corporation 

(Title.) (Name of surety company.) 

that executed the above msfrument, and known to me to be the person who executed 
the above instrument?>i behalf of said corporation, and acknowledged to me that he 
said corporation executed the above instrument voluntarily for the uses and pur- 
poses therein specified 



(Notary public.) 
(Notarial seal.) 

Approved at , , , 19 . . 

(City.) (State.) (Date.) 



(Signature of approving officer.) 



(Title.) 

N. B. — The italicized words in the form of consent of sureties will be stricken out 
when executed by iiidividuals and not by corporations. 

Extension of time will not be granted for speculative purposes. 

fti When an extension of time is favorably considered, 

the officer in charge should decide whether the present 

f)rice is sufficient, whether the contract can be improved with particu- 
ar reference to the present condition of the sale area, and if the 
method of marking, scaling, utilization, or sale administration can 



NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 33 

be strengthened and improved by any modification in the agreement. 
Extensions of time without change in the other conditions of the con- 
tract will be granted only in cases where the interests of the United 
States will not be prejudiced thereby and then only when causes over 
wliich the purchaser has no control have unavoidably delayed his 
operations. 

All extensions of time which bring the total cutting 
years" ^^"^'"^ ^'° period allowed by the contract in excess of five years 

must be specifically apjiroved by the Secretary. 
When an extension of time is refused, any timber which may have 

been ])aid for and cut but not scaled at the date 
disposai'of timber.^ whcii the coiitract cxpircs, may, in the absence of 

good reasons for retention, be scaled and its removal 
by the purchaser permitted. 

Whenever an extension of time is desired in an advertised sale an 

ap])lication should be made in accordance with the 

form for modification of contract, inserting after the 
words, "to read as follows," Clause 12 of the contract, Form 
202, with the changes proposed. If the modification is proposed at 
an increase in price, the following should be added as part of the sen- 
tence following the modified clauses, "and further, to pay for all 
timber not cut during the time specified in said agreement at the rate 

of $ per in advance payments as set 

(M feet B. M. etc.) 

forth in said agreement." 

Consent of sureties will be obtained in the form given on page 31. 

Postponement o f . When postponement of brush piling is advisable and 
brush piling. is iiot provided f or in the contract, the following change 

Form for ap plica- may be made in the form for modification of 
*'*"^' contract, after the name of the National Forest, line 3 : 

respectfully state that the snow is now too deep on the cutting area to permit of proper 

brush disposal, and therefore request that in accordance with paragraph 

(I or we.) 

of said contract we be permitted to proceed with the cutting and removal 

of the timber and to postpone brush disposal until such time as in the opinion of the 
Forest supervisor proper disposal of the brush can be made in accordance with the 
terms of the said contract. 

agree, if this application is approved, that will, as soon as 

(I or we.) (I or we.) 

the condition of the snow makes it possible and not later than , at the 

request of the Forest officer in charge of the work, put on a sufficient force of men to 
dispose of all brush caused by the operations subsequent to the granting of this appli- 
cation, and also all other brush which is not properly disposed of at the date of this 
application, in a manner satisfactory to the Forest officer in charge of this work, and to 
use every precaution against fire being started in such brush and debris as is not 
properly disposed of on account of the granting of this application and to pay for any 
damage that may result through the approval of this aj^plication. 

If a bond is required at the time of postponement, the amount 
will be at least twice the estimated cost of brush 
piling, and will be prepared on Form 377. 
Consent of sure- The coiisent of suretics win refer to the application 
^■'^^- as follows: 

\\Tiereas, the said have, by an instrument in 

(Name of purchasers.) 
writing of even date, applied for a modification of the aforesaid contract so that they 



34 NATIONAL, FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 

may proceed with the cutting and removal of the timber without {)iling the brush until 

such time, not later than , as said Forest officers shall decide that the brush 

can be properly piled, and have agreed if said application is allowed that they will, as 
soon as the snow is gone, at the request of the Forest officer in charge, put on a sufficient 
force of men to dispose of all brush caused by the operations subsequent to the granting 
of said application, and also other brush of which disposal has not been made at the 
date of said application, in a manner satisfactory to the Forest officer in charge, and to 
use every precaution against fire being started in the brush and debris not piled on 
account of the granting of said application, and to pay for any damage that may be 
caused by the granting of said modification of the contract. 

In unadvertised sales modifications will be granted only in writing, 

by letter, or by approval of an application in accord- 

cafions^*' °^ ™°^'' ance with the foregoing forms if their use is deemed 

advisable. In advertised sales modifications \\dll be 

granted only by approval of a formal application. 

Modifications will be approved by the officer having authority to 
make the class of sale the contract for which is to be modified, after 
the district assistant to the solicitor has advised that such modifica- 
tion is lawful. The application and consent of sureties should be 
approved on the same day. 

In unadvertised sales modifications will be prepared with two 
carbons, the original forwarded to the purchaser and 
the carbons filed with the supervisor and ranger. In 
advertised sales modifications will be prepared m quadruplicate and 
executed and approved in duplicate. A fifth copy will be prepared 
for the Forester's files in sales where the modification is approved 
by hmi. The original will be retamed in the district forester's files in 
class D sales and in the supervisor's files in class C sales. The dupli- 
cate is for the purchaser, the third co])y for the supervisor or district 
forester, as the case may be, and the foiu-th for the officer m charge of 
the sale. Dates and signatures should be filled in on all retained 
copies. 

Consent of sureties will be prepared in duplicate but only the oris " 
nal executed. The original will be filed with the original of the appl 
cation. The duplicate will be filed in the supervisor's office in class 
D sales and the district forester's office m class C sales. 

CANCELLATION OF CONTRACTS. 

If the cancellation is by mutual agreement, an application executed 
by the purchaser and approved by the Forest officer approving the 
sale will be required except in unadvertised sales in which notification 
signed by the approving officer is sufficient. 

Form for adver- The following fomi with uccessary modifications 
tised sales. -yy^} ]jq ^g^d ui advertised sales: 

(Case designation.) 

(Title of approving officer.) 

(Address.) 
Sir: 

, of , 

(I or we.) (City.) 

, purchaser. . of the timber in the above designated case bv a contract 

(Stale.) 

signed in duplicate by on the day of , ^^- ■, i^d approved 

(Me or us.) 



NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 35 

by on 

(Name.) (Title.) 
the .... day of ,]■'--, respectfully state that have deposited in 

(I or we.) 

connection therewith the sum of S ; that have cut thereunder 

(I or we.) 

timber (of the value of $ ; that all the terms of said contract have been 

fully complied with) and that on account of the following circumstances 

(I or we.) 

do not care to complete the sale: 



therefore request that the said contract be canceled, that be 

(I or we.) (I or we.) 



relieved from all further liability thereunder, and that the sum of dollars 

($ ) remaining; to credit be (refunded) (transferred to the credit 

(My or our.) 

of on timber sale of 19. .)• 

Signed in duplicate this. . . . day of 19. . . 



Approved at , , , , 19 . 

(City.) (State.) (Date.) 



(Signature of approving officer.) 



(Title.) 

The last part of the final sentence is necessary only when a balance 
is to be refunded or transferred. 

If the cancellation is enforced, the action, which will be justified 

only on account of serious violation of the terms of 
^^Enforced canceua- the Contract, will, exccpt in Forester's sales, be taken 

only by the superior of the officer approving the con- 
tract and after the district assistant to the solicitor advises that 
such action is legal and after the purchaser has in writing been 
given a reasonable time to show cause why the contract should not 
be canceled. Formal notification of enforced cancellation will be sent 
in all cases, and, if by the district forester, will be sent through the 
supervisor with a duplicate copy for the supervisor's fdes. 

Contracts will be canceled only after the condition and location 

of the cuttings, the amount of timber left uncut and 
before^canceiiafion° ^^^^ possibility of a ready sale at prices not less than 

those of the existing contract, have been reported on 
with specific recommendations. If enforced cancellation is consid- 
ered, the report will in addition cover thoroughly the violation of the 
contract. 

SPECIAL USES CONNECTED WITH SALES. 

When special uses for sawmills, logging railroads, flumes, camps, 
etc., are to be used only in connection with a sale, provision for them 
may be included in the timber sale contract. 



36 NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL^ TIMBER SALES. 

PERIOD FOR REMOVAL. 

The period allowed for cutting and removal will be governed by the 
amount of timber involved in the sale, the capacity of 
Time limits. ^^^q niill, the practicable logging season, and the rate 

at wliich the timber cut can be disposed of in the available market. The 
period in class C sales should ordinarily not exceed three years. 
The approval of the Secretary must be secured in all cases where the 
period allowed by the contract exceeds five years. 

In cases in which the contract requires the removal of a definite 
amount of timber each year, it may be advisable, because of pre- 
liminary work to be done by the purchaser, to make the amount for 
the first year much smaller than for the following years. 

The word "removed," as relating to timber sale contracts and 
to the closing of timber cases, will be construed to 
"Removed" de- mean that the timber is in such location that its 
further removal will neither interfere with the ad- 
ministration of the Forest nor rec{uire the attention of a Forest officer, 
nor interfere with any forest growth, nor be a fire menace, v/hether 
on or off the cutting area. When possible, the point of removal will 
be to roads or other places where the material is immediately avail- 
able for distribution to consumers. With saw timber, removal to the 
mill can usually be required. 

EXAMINATION OF TIMBER APPLIED FOR AND PREPARATION OF 

THE APPLICATION. 

Upon receipt of an informal application for timber it 
nu^uuT.^^™'*™ ^^' ^^il^ ^^^'^^ ^^ determined if the sale can be made without 
exceeiling the annual cut approved by the Secretary. 
If this is possible, the working plan, if one has been prepared for the 
area, will be checked to determine if a sale can be made 
workii^°pians. ^'*^ ^^^ accordance with its ])rovisions. If decided in the 
affirmative, an examination of the timber will then be 
made to determine definitely tlie boundaries of the sale area, the pro- 
visions, including stumpage rates, which should be incorporated in the 
contract, and the best method for cutting unless it is already outlined. 
If necessary or advisable the estimates will be checked, but the fullest 
possible use should be made of reconnaissance maps and estimates. 
If the sale can and should be made contrary to the provisions of the 
working plan, the approval by the district forester or the plan of the 
modification will be secured in all important sales. Approved changes 
will at once be incorporated in the working plan. 

Ordinarily it should be possible to determine from the preliminary 

plan if a sale can be made from the locality applied 

preun^na?y*pians.* ^ ^OT, or if an attempt should be made to locate a sale 

area elsewhere. Changes suggested by applicants 

will be carefully considered, but can not be made when contrary to 

the best management of the Forest. 

If the preliminary plan does not show clearly the advisability of 
making the sale, an additional field examination must be made. 

In any case unless full information is already at hand or from con- 
clusive information available it is certain that the timber should not 
be sold, a detailed examination of the timber applied for will be made. 



NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 37 

The problem of securing a future stand after cutting is the most 
„^ , , ^ _, important to be considered. Before any sale is 

The future stand. ^ , ■ . iir-'j t ,• -ni 

approved, clear-cut and dermite directions will be 
prepared by the proper olhcer instructing the men in charge of the 
sale on marking the timber so that reproduction of the more desirable 
species will be secured. Each district should study the local species 
carefully so that the best silvicultural treatment of each type will be 
thoroughly understood. The results of these stucUes should be in the 
hands of all officers on National Forests. 

Before making any timber sale the possible damage to reproduction 
in cutting will be carefully considered. 

If the reproduction is being or will be damaged by stock it may be 
advisable to recommend restriction of grazing for a 
stock.***'"*"^ from time after cuttiiig lias been Completed. In every case 
the supervisor will consider the possibility of arrang- 
ing grazing allotments or periods so as to secure necessary protection 
for young growth without materially reducing the total number of 
stock grazed upon the Forest. If this is impossible, he should recom- 
mend necessary reductions. Grazing off the grass crop is a protection 
against fu^e which may offset damage from tramping. Where the 
exclusion of stock from any locality will work a hardship on permittees 
it should not be recommended without carefully weighing all of the 
interests involved. 

Before cutting commences the best method should be determined, 
thod of uttin Whether a clear cutting, selection, or group system or 
ng. j^^gj,gj^, ^ liglit thinning is best can only be determined 
after careful study on the ground. 

Except in clear cutting, an approximate diameter limit or a state- 
ment of the percentage of the timber to be left is 
diameter umit"^*^ usually advisablc to givc the purchaser a rough idea 
of the amount of timber which will be removed. If 
diameter limits are named, it should be understood that the stated 
limits may be varied as shown by the contract, in accordance with 
the silvical requirements of the stand, and that as a rule at least one- 
third of the volume of the original stand will be retained. Different 
limits will usually be adopted for different species in the same sale. 
The limit on desirable species should be high, in order to reserve from 
cutting a large percentage of young and healthy middle-aged trees for 
seed purposes and to provide for a second cutting within a reasonable 
time. For undesirable species, unless their percentage in the stand can 
be reduced in some other way, the limit will usually be low enough to 
remove all merchantable trees when not needed for protection of the 
soil or, in the absence of more desirable species, for seeding purposes. 

Since it is usually undesirable to allow a purchaser to remove only 
. ^ ^ ^ the best species, contracts will ordinarily provide for 

All species to be cut. ,, v ^ • c ii i j i i • 

the cutting ol ail merchantable species. 

The method of logging and the seasons during which it will be 

thod carried on will be ascertained and their effect upon 

ogg ng me o s. ^^^^ Forcst Considered. If there is danger of serious 

damage to the reproduction or of erosion, the examining officer will 

recommend measures to prevent it. 

Merchantable dead timber will be included in all sales. All dead 
timber will be disposed of as soon as possible, except 
in rare cases, where it constitutes the only available 
supply. 



88 NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 

No sale will be so large as to endanger the future local supply. 
If data are not available the future needs of the 
needr'*°° ^°' ^""''^ locality should be investigated. The hmited supply 
on some Forests will prevent sales except for local 
use, but every effort will be made to satisfy legitimate demands. 
Sales for large amounts will be made when necessary to encourage 
new purchasers, to establish new industries, to main- 
tain established local industries, or to aid in local 
development. 

The size of a sale will in the main be determined by the cost of 
the improvements required to market the timber, with a view to 
restricting the necessary investment for such purposes per unit of 
material to be handled to a reasonable amount. 

A sale may be apportioned at the highest price bid among different 
bidders, if desirable and practicable, to prevent 

Monopoly. '■• i i f 

monopoly. 
Classes A and B sales will usually be made by amount. Class C 
sales mav include all the merchantable timber on a 

The cutting area. . - i-i iii- ,11 -,1 

given area, wluch must be designated by unmistaka- 
ble natural boundaries or by blazed lines. In either case, all small, 
isolated, and reasonably accessible bodies of timber, which if left would 
not be salable, wdll be included. Except where the cutting area is 
bounded by patented lands or valid claims, it is usually very unde- 
sirable to define the boundaries by legal subdivisions. 

If the application includes all the timber on a watershed or slope 
the cutting area can be bounded by topographic features, such as 
ridges and streams. If only a part of the timber on a slope or water- 
shed is wanted, the cutting area should not be limited to the most 
desirable. It is often better to cut one slope of a valley instead of 
the most accessible timber on both. Wlien successiA^e sales are made 
from the same watershed or locality the cutting areas will either be 
contiguous or so arranged that the timber left may be sold A\dthout 
difficulty. 

In determining the cutting area for any large sale, small areas which 
will probably be needed to supply local demands must be excluded 
and the lines plainly designated. 

Timber included in a sale upon which mineral locations have been 
made after the execution of the timber-sale contract 
loJawons. ""^ "^"^""^ will be cut as Government timber. If the location 
was made after the application was received and before 
the contract was executed, and was evidently made to interfere with 
the timber sale, cutting must be suspended, but a report on the claim 
will be forwarded immediately to the district forester, who will at 
once report the matter to the chief of field division, with a request 
for speedy action to determine the validity of the claim. 

It was decided by the United States circuit court for the district 
Insect-Infested ^^ South Dakota, in Lewis v. Garlock (168 Fed., 153). 
timber on mining that the United Statcs may sell insect-infested timber 
'^^^'^^- from a mining claim that has not passed to patent 

when the timber is a menace to that on adjoining National Forest 
land. Accordingly Forest officers may dispose of insect-infested 
timber from unperfected mining claims when such timber is an actual 
menace to the Forest. 

The following policy should govern payments for timber cut from 
claims : 



NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 39 

Whether the claim is apparently held in good faith or not, if timber 
is cut and removed payment will be made to the 
bercut'fr'J)VcUims!' Government in all cases except where the timber is 
removed in good faith for the purpose of clearing the 
land for cultivation or for development, or wdiere at the time of 
cutting the timber is actually needed by the claimant for use in 
making improvements on the land embraced in his entry or location. 
If any such claimant should need timber for the purposes above 
specified and should be unable to obtain it on his claim, he will be 
allowed to take timber under free use permit from other lands of the 
United States for these purposes up to the amount cut from the 
claim for which the United States has received payment. 

Where the boundaries of a mining location are not specifically 

marked and there are practically no evidences of its 

loca^ns^^*^ mining: existence, a sale of the timber on the area may be 

consummated notwithstanding subsequent protest of 

any party alleging the location of a mineral claim covering such 

area prior to the sale. 

The department will not attempt, without the consent of the 
claimant, to sell or cut timber from unperfected, 
ciaLnsf ^ ^ ^ ^ *^ * * '^ subsisting claims within a National Forest except in 
emergencies arising from insect infestations. 

Particular care wdll be taken not to sell or cut the timber from 
lands which after surve}'^ will be school or railroad 
road'sectiollfs^ ^^"' lands, and from unclassified railroad sections within 
the primary limits of the grant. 

No timber will be sold at prices lower than the minimum or higher 
than the maximum fixed annually by the Secretary 
Btumpage prices. £^^ ^|^^ specics, grade, and location, without first 
obtaining the Secretary's approval. Appraisals higher than the 
maximum rates or lower than the minimum rates will be submitted 
to the Secretary for approval in accordance with the following 
instructions : 

In all sales the stumpage jn-ices will be based not upon local prices 
but upon the actual value of the timber. Timber on a gentle slope 
and within a mile of a drivable stream may be worth more than twice 
as much as equally good but less accessible timber. The Forest 
Service will not compete in price with timber from claims or land 
grants. The actual value will be determined by deducting from 
the value of the product the cost of logging and manufacture and a 
percentage of profit ranging from 10 to 30 per cent on the investment 
required in each 1,000 feet b. m. or other unit of quantity which is 
handled. The exact percentage will depend upon the size of the 
operation, the stability of market conditions, and the risk of loss 
involved. 

The data necessary to determine the actual value of the timber 
will be carefully obtained in each case by the Forest officer making 
the examination. The value of the manufactured product will be 
reported, together with the prices of competing timber and the esti- 
mated profit to the purchaser at the stumpage price recommended. 
The cost of brush disposal, protection of young growth, close utiliza- 
tion, and logging only marked timber must be considered before 
deciding on the value of stumpage. 



40 NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES, 

Stumpage rates will not be reduced, for any purchaser on the 
ground that his methods of manufacture are imperfect and utilization 
incomplete. In recommending prices for sales to mining, power, or 
other enterprises for their own use, the cost of securing material 
from the nearest source outside the National Forest must be fully 
reported. Stumpage in regions vrhere timber from outside sources 
can not enter into competition will be appraised on a reasonable 
basis, in accordance with rates received on other portions of the 
Forest, not at monopoly prices. 

Merchantable dead timber has approximately the same market 
value as green timber and the stumpage rates will ordinarily be the 
same. In many cases it will be possible to simplify the scaling and 
administration of the sale by recommending an average price for all 
species, and for both living and dead timber. 

Timber of saw-log quality which will become accessible for that 
purpose within a reasonable time will not ordinardy be sold as cord- 
wood or for other uses at less than saw-timber rales. 

No apphcation will be approved b}" any officer unless the report 
of the examiner shows definitely that the fuU market value of the 
timber will be received. 

Recommendations for the period to be allowed for the cutting 
and removal oi the timber will be made. The facU- 
cu^tSg^ ^'^"''^'^ ^°^ i^ies of the purchaser for completing logging within 
the time specified must be considered. 

A careful study of market conditions should be made and neces- 
sary provisions for complete utilization included in 
tJtuization. ^^^ application. The mdividual tree must be utilized 

as closely as good business and fairness to the Government and the 
purchaser justify. 1 he Service will insist on as complete use as pos- 
sible even if the same financial returns might be obtained for less 
material. Purchasers will be assisted in every possible way to find 
markets for material not commonly used. The basis for distinguish- 
ing between merchantable and unmerchantable timber as well as for 
distinguishing between material to be put to different uses and sold 
at different stumpagie rates will be determined. 

If it is found that purchasers can use logs of odd lengths a suitable 
provision will be included in the application. Tables and scale 
sticks for logs of odd lengths will be furnished upon request. 

If it will be necessary to constmct logging camps or other build- 
ings, telephone lines, flumes, or roads, their proposed 
prov^ents^°* ™' location and disposition when logging is completed 
will be determined. The value of these improvements 
to the Forest Service will be considered, for example, the use of budd- 
ings for administrative purposes. If the improvements are not bought 
or retained b}' the Forest Seiwice in pursuance of the contract, the pur- 
chaser will be allowed a definite period after completion of the logging 
for their removal. If they are not removed within tliis period they 
become the property of the United States. 

A careful study A\'ill be made of the precautions necessary to pre- 
vent fire. The clauses wliich will be included in the 
a^tost'fi^e" * ' ° ^ ^ application in sales where special apparatus such as 
donkey engiaes are to be used will be determined. 
It will also be ascertained how many employees will be available for 
fire fighting. 



NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 41 

The (lata c.btained in the examination will be forwarded to the 

Field d-ta sub- ^iipsrvisor in the form of a map, estimate, and I'eport. 

mitted as map, esti- In all advertised sales recommentlations for markini? 

mate, and report. yiuiq^ accom})any the I'eport where departures from 

the general marking rules are necessary. 

Every report upon timber recommended for advertisement must 

contain at least one map. This must show not only 

*^^^' the proposed sale area, but also its location with 

reference to the surrounding Forest, topographic features, such as 

ridges, streams, and roads, proposed roads, camps, and mill sites, lantis 

under patent or claim, and surveyed lines, if any. 

The map must include enough of the surrounding Forest to show 
that the timber aj^plied for may be removed without rendermg the 
surrounding timber inaccessible and unsalable. Burns, barren or 
open land, forest types, and the limits of merchantable timber on 
slopes will be shown so far as they affect the desirability of allowing 
the sale. Within the area a])j)lied for tlie forest type will be shown 
and the tojiography will be indicated in sufficient detail to demonstrate 
the ease or difficulty of logging the timber, and to show the natural 
boundaries of compartments or logging areas. In small sales one 
map will show all tliese data, so that maps for blocks are unnecessary 
the blocks being indicated by dotted lines; this map will be drawn 
to a scale of not less than 4 inches to the mile, and the forest atlas 
colors and symbols, as far as practicable, will be used. 

Large tracts require location maps on a small scale, sho'wdng only 
the outline of the proposed cutting, the section lines or other location 
points, private lands, if any, and dotted lines to rej)resent the accom- 
panying block maps on a large scale. The latter may then be 
numerous and large enough to show necessary detail. 

The proposed cutting area, as recommended by the examining 
officer and covered by his estimate and description, whether or not 
he agrees with the applicant, must always be clearly defined on 
the map; so must every part for which there is a separate estimate, 
description, or important recommendation. 

When reconnaissance maps are available, the preparation of other 
maps in the field will usually be unnecessary. 

The timber upon the definite cutting area recommended and shown 
on the map will always be estimated. If uncertain 
™^ ^' conditions of sale or diirerences between the Forest 

officer and the applicant make it likely that the area recommended 
may be extended or reduced, estimates for both the larger and tlie 
smaller area are required; otherwise the cutting area will be lixed 
and estimated without reference to otlier lands. Where applications 
for adjoining timber are expected, and where the whole body could 
be most economically examined at one time, the work of estimating 
may include a large area so that subsequent sales can be made without 
further estimating. In such cases the estimate of the cutting area 
covered by the present ajoplication must be kept separate and an 
estimate and report sul)mitted for each additional area which com- 
prises a natural logging operation. The sanu^ metliods will be fol- 
lowed in estimating large bodies of timber which are to be sokl. 
Whenever the Forest on different areas re(iuires dilTerent treatment 
or diiTerent stumpage prices, the details of the estimates and report 
should clearly show such dill'erences. 



42 NATIONAL. FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 

When there is more than one forest type within the area ex- 
amined, separate estimates for each type should be 

By separate types. , ' ^ ' 

made. 
The Forest officer will submit an estimate of the merchantable tim- 
ber which will be left after logging under the plan of 
cutting proposed. This estimate will include seed 
trees, young timber which it is inadvisable to cut, and timber of sizes 
or species not desired by the applicant and which can properly be left. 
It is essential that the estimate include the percentages, of the 
different grades of logs or of the different grades of lum- 

Grades of material. ■, i • i -n i, j. • i j.i i. j.i ^ j. i 

ber which will be cut m order that the market value 

of the product and stumpage value of the timber may be determined. 

The work of estimating will be done as carefully as conditions will 

allow. Only in the largest sales may less than 5 per 

^' cent of the total area be actually estimated, and 

whenever possible a much larger percentage will be taken. Estimates 

will be conservative, but overcuts should not ordinarily exceed 10 

per cent of the estimate. 

The Forest description, which will follow the outline on Form 578a, 
will be in sullicient detail to show clearly all features 

Forest description. p ,■, i i t^^-i • ^ -it 

of the proposed sale. Data on logging and milling 
costs must be complete in order that proper stumpage prices may be 
determined. 

When common names for trees are used the nomenclature in 

Bulletin 17, Check List of the Forest Trees of the 

Nomenclature. United States, except as modified in Forest Trees of 

the Pacific Slope, will be used. 
Where possible. Forest officers will explain to applicants on the 
■p.r,io„o-i^„ o„^ ground, and preferably before the formal application 

Explanation and P . 'i i, \, v' . c ±^ i j- i 

demonstration t o is Signed, all the requirements or the regulations and 
applicants. ^|_^^ special conditioiis which will be recommended in 

the sale under consideration. The Forest officer who prepares the 
application will be held responsible for the applicant's clear under- 
standing of its conditions. The purchaser, however, should not be 
assured that his application will be approved or that the contract 
will contain certain provisions, except by the approving officer him- 
self. 

The reliability of an applicant and his reputation in the community 
T».i»K,ii + „ ^r.^ will be ascertained. If he has previously made use of 

Reliability and . i • ji i ?• i • -n 

financial standing of National Forcst resourccs, his methods or busmess will 
applicants. be reported. 

It will be possible in many cases to get information regarding the 
financial standing of applicants from the Credit Rating Book of the 
National Lumber Manufacturers' Credit Corporation, a copy of which 
is furnished to each district office. 

The application will follow, as nearly as possible, the form of the 
Application to foi- ^"'^^ coutract ill Order that the purchaser ma,y fully 
low terms of con- understand from the first the exact conditions of 
*"*"*• the sale. 

Formal application, when required, must be made in every instance 

Sales to actual by the persou who proposes to purchase the timber. 

purchasers only. Applications will not be received from a person acting 

for an undisclosed princi])al. Advertised sales w^ill not be made to 

an officer of a corporation in his capacity as an individual when 



NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 43 

the timber is intentled for the use of the corporation antl not his 
individual use. 

The preceding discussion and the need of any of the following 
special clauses for special clausc^s will be carefullj considered in the 
appucationsandcon- preparation of tliG application. Necessary modifica- 
tions will be made in the clauses given which supple- 
ment tliose prmted on Form 202 : 

(1) Both marked and dead trees which are considered a fire menace by the Forest 
officer in charge will be felled, but only such portions of them as are nierchantable 
under the terms of this contract will be logged and paid for; this does not include 
trees or stubs too short or small to be merchantable under the contract. 

(2) We agi-ee, when called upon by the Forest officer in charge, to furnish a number 
of men, sufficient in the judgment of the Forest supervisor, up to the number of our 
entire logging crew, to burn the brush and debris resulting from the cutting, under 
the supervision of the Forest officer. 

(3) A fire line having a width of not less than feet shall be cleared by the 

purchaser of all inflammable material, except stumps, whenever required by the 
Forest officer, along the boundaries of the cutting area and around groups of seed trees; 
such fire lines shall be constructed in a manner that will be satisfactory to the Forest 
officer. 

(4) All engines and locomotives not burning oil for fuel used in logging on the 
National Forest shall be equipped with spark arresters that are satisfactory to the 
Forest officer in charge. 

(5) The purchaser will burn the slash at such times and under such conditions as 
the Forest officer in charge may prescribe. [To be inserted in sales where it is safe 
and practicable for the purchaser to burn slashings, particularlj^ where the season 
permits burning slash as it is cut.] 

(6) All donkey or other steam-power engines not burning oil for fuel shall be 
equipped with a spark arrester satisfactory to the Forest officer, a steam pump, 200 
feet of serviceable 1-inch hose, 6 buckets, and a constant supply of the equivalent of 
6 barrels of water; all such equipment to be suitable and available for fire-fighting 
purposes. 

(7) The maximum scaling length of all logs will be 16 feet; greater lengths will be 
scaled as two or more logs. Upon all logs 3 inches additional length will be allowed 
for trimming; logs oveiTunning the specified length will be scaled as 2 feet longer. 
[Insert in all sales including saw timber, except where other specific terms are agreed 
upon. A greater overrun may be allowed when necessary in sales of large timber.] 

(8) Scaling will be done as often as practicable in the judgment of the Forest officer 
while cutting is in progi'ess, and copies or abstracts of the scale reports will be fur- 
nished to the purchaser after they have been approved by the supervisor. 

(9) All cordwood material will be piled in compact even stacks for measurement, 
as directed by the Forest officer. 

(10) No timber fit for saw, mining, or tie timber or posts, in the judgment of the 
Forest officer, will be cut into cordwood. 

(11) All hewn ties whose widest diameter inside the bark at the small end exceeds 

inches and all with visible defect will be scaled as saw logs. The scaling 

diameter will be the widest measurement at the small end of the tie. Small hewn 
ties which are sound will be counted as to the M feet b. m. 

(12) All marked or dead trees which contain one or more merchantable loirs shall 

be cut. All logs that will saw out per cent of merchantable lumber shall be 

considered merchantable under the terms of this contract. (The per cent depending 
upon character of material and local market conditions. See discussion under "Mer- 
chantable material" (p. 52).) 

(13) Tops will be used for mining timbers, cross-ties, posts and cordwood whenever 
possible. 

(14) If necessary, in the judgment of the Forest officer, exceptions in the height to 
which stumps are to be cut may be made in the case of swell butted, fire scarred, or 
otherwise defective trees; the stumps, however, will be cut low enough to include 
their whole merchantable contents. 

(15) Logs shall be decked or piled for scaling at places agreed upon with the Forest 
officer, with ends even on one side of the skidway or pile, and the length shall be 
marked on the small or scaling end of each log by the purchaser. Logs of different 
s]3ecies or value shall, if required by the Forest officer, be decked or piled in separate 
piles. 



44 NATIONAL. FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 

(16) Green timber which will cut a log not less than inches in diameter at the 

top and not less than .... feet long, and for diameters over .... inches containing not 
less than .... per cent of merchantable lumber of any grade, and for smaller diameters 

not less than per cent of merchantable lumber of any grade will be considered 

merchantable. Dead timber which will cut a log not less than .... inches in diameter 

at the top and not less than per cent of merchantable lumber of any grade will 

be considered merchantable. [The diameters and per cents dej^ending upon char- 
acter of material and local market conditions.] 

(17) If material suitable for saw timber in the judgment of the Forest officer is cut 
into cordwood, it shall be scaled and paid for at the same rate as if used for saw timber. 
[To be inserted in sales which include both cordwood and saw timber.] 

(18) Unmerchantable timber may be used free of charge for construction purposes 
in connection with the sale. 

(19) If donkey engines are used, the rigging shall be slung as far as practicable 
upon stumps, or marked trees, and when possible the grab hook shall be used in all 
cases rather than the wire choker. 

(20) Camps, chutes, and other improvements will be removed from the sale area 
within six months from the termination of the contract, and if not so removed will 
become the property of the United States. 

(21) Camps, flumes, roads, dams, bridges, chutes, and other improvements required 
in logging will be located as agreed with the Forest officer, and in accordance with 
such conditions as he may prescribe. 

(22) This contract is intended to provide for logging in the woods by means of 

Any other method of logging may be 

(Indicate whether by horses, donkey engines, etc.) 

employed only with the consent of the Forest officer approving this contract and under 
such conditions and restrictions as may be agreed upon with him. [To be inserted 
especially where there is a probability of substituting steam logging for other methods.] 

(23) Cutting will begin at a point designated by the Forest officer, and will be con- 
fined to the least possible area which will yield the amount specified in this agree- 
ment. [To be inserted in all sales for a definite amount instead of for all merchantable 
timber on a given area.] 

(24) All camp buildings and structures on the National Forest shall be located in a 
manner satisfactory to the Forest officers at a sufficient distance from any stream to 
prevent pollution of any city water supply. 

(25) Not to exceed per cent of the merchantable timber [separate percentages 

to be designated for each species if advisable] will be reserved in marking. [Desirable 
in the larger sales to indicate definitely to the purchaser the proportion of the stand 
which he will be permitted to log.] 

Special clauses, based on the recommendations of the Bureau of 
Entomoloijy, will be inserted in contracts for the sale 

infes^tedtimbe?^^'^*" o^ inscct-infcsted timber. These clauses must be 
specific in requiring that trees be cut, j^eeled, or 

sawed and brush dis]:)osed of, as the nature of the infestation requires, 

at the time required by Forest officers and by specified dates of each 

year. 

ADMINISTRATION OF SALES— GENERAL. 

The chief objects of timber-sale administration are to obtain the 
best forest conditions ]')ossible and complete utilization, with a mini- 
mum cost to the Service and prompt attention to the purchaser's 
needs. 

Actual ]:)articipation where possible and at least frequent per- 
sonal supervision by supervisors, deputy supervisors, and Forest 
assistants of all woods work is essential, as is also close su]:)ervision 
by the officer in charge in order that the purchaser may know from 
the first exactly what will be required of him and that his expenses 
may not be increased by delayed changes in method. 

Small sales are as important from a silvicultural standpoint as 
larger ones, consequently the methods used in each 

ma saes. class whicli affcct forcst conditions must be given 

equal considers, tion. Small sales are more exj^ensive proportionately 



NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 45 

to handle than larger ones, and constant endeavor looking toward 
reducing costs is necessaiy. Scaling or measurement and woods work 
will not be conducted oftener than is essential to prevent unnecessary 
hardship to the purchaser and to insure compliance with the contract. 
Purchasers may justly be required to have cut for measurement or 
scaling amounts of tmiber wich will make the visit of the Forest 
officer worth while, and may be expected to so arrange their business 
that more frequent visits wall be unnecessary. The proper arrange- 
ment of dates for marking and scaling will result in great economy. 

Forest officers should never lose an opportunity to reduce the cost 
or increase the efficiency of administering large sales 
Large sales. ^^ .^ ^^^.^^^ ^_^^^ defeat the objects desired. The more sim- 

ple and definite the methods adopted, the less chance there is for poor 
work by Forest officers or misunderstandings by purchasers. The 
location of each year's cut must be carefully determined and, so far 
as possible, must cover average conditions for the whole sale. Since 
the proper administration of large sales depends largely upon the men 
placed m charge, suj^ervisors will use the greatest care in their selec- 
tion. Important work of this character will not be left to inexpe- 
rienced men. 

Forest officers in charge of sales will see that the conditions of the 
contract are complied with, and should such condi- 
cont^c"*'''^^ ^'*^ tions seem unjust or unreasonable, will take the 
proper steps to secure such necessary modiiications 
as are authorized under regulation S-7. No Foiest officer has been 
or \nll be authorized to allow the violation of a contract. A Forest 
officer can not pi'oj^erly handle a sale unless he has a copy of the 
contract and is familiar with its terms. 

Questions concerning logging methods, compliance with the con- 
tract, etc., will be taken up with the purchaser or his 
superintendent rather than with subordinate em- 
ployees. 

Cutting may not begin m any sale until the contract has been exe- 
cuted or an advance cutting agreement has been 
beYin*'' *'"*"°^ ™^^ executed and approved, the timber designated, the 
necessary deposits made and the Forest officer in 
charge furnished with a copy of the contract. In unadvertised sales 
it must also be definitely known that the contract is or will be ap- 
proved. In advertised sales, if other requirements are satisfied, cut- 
ting may follow the execution and need not await formal approval of 
the contract. 

MARKING. 

Wlien the sale of any green timber is assured, the supervisor will 
see that all trees which are to be cut are marked or oth- 
erwise unmistakably designated for cutting. Where 
only dead timber is purchased and no Uving timber will be cut, or 
where patches are to be cut clean, Forest officers may, instead of 
marking or designating every tree for cutting, blaze and mark the 
boundary of the cutting area or patch and instruct the purchaser in 
the manner of cuttino;. Merchantable dead trees, about which there 
may be a question, wdl always be marked, except where the contract 
contains a clause providing for the cutting of all dead timber. 



46 NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 

When the plan of marking is followed, standing timber must be 
marked ''U. S." near the ground, so that every stump will show the 
mark. Where snow may conceal the marldng from the cutters, each 
tree must also be marked at a point several feet from the ground. 

On thick-barked trees where chopping through to the wood means 
considerable extra w^ork and expense, and where cutting is to take 
place in the near future, the bark may be blazed and stamped "U. S." 
Usually it is inadvisable to mark timber a long time in advance of 
cutting, but where this is necessary for any reason, officers should cut 
through to and stamp the wood plainly. The marldng must be such 
that the stamp will be distinct at the time of cutting, and as long after 
cutting as is necessary for inspection. 

Timber should be marked when it can be done most economically; 
the work will not, however, be done too far in advance and the cut-over 
area will be watched for mistakes. In no case should timber be 
marked outside the area designated in the contract. In a sale for a 
definite amount, only timber enough to yield that amount will be 
marked. The marking wiU be done thoroughly, and no large groups 
of mature trees will be left on the area unless so isolated that the pur- 
chaser can not reasonably be required to log them. 

The system of marking and the proportion of the timber to be cut 

should be carefully explained to purchasers by mark- 
p^c^'ser!^**'^'^ *° ing sample areas before a sale is consummated, Wliile 

the desn-es of purchasers must be very carefully con- 
sidered, the silvicultural needs of the Forest must take precedence 
over other considerations, even at a sacrifice in present stumpage 
rates. 

Since the marking of green timber is the most important part of 

any sale, it is much better to demonstrate on the ground to the Forest 

officers who will do the work how the marking should be done than 

to send out written instructions and criticize the work after it is done. 

Wlienever possible in large sales, a marking board, consisting of the 

district forester, the chief of silviculture, and the For- 
board^'*'* marking ^^^ supervisor, will mark representative areas and 

establish the marking policy to be followed in the 
sale. The action of the board will be bindinji; upon Forest officers 
doing the marking, and no change will be made in the system without 
referring the matter to the district forester. 

Personal marking by supervisors and deputies will take precedence 

over ordinary routine, and supervisors or deputies 
visorJ.^'^^ ^^ ^^^"" ^'ill assist in the first marldng in important sales. 

Supervisors, either personally or through their depu- 
uties, are expected to check the work of marldng frequently enough 
to make sure that it is being properly done. 

Every advantage will be taken of the services of men with techni- 
cal training, but men without timber-sale experience, 
fof markin"^ "'*'' ^vcu if technically trained, will not be placed in 

charge of important marldng projects. 
The following instructions for marldng are general, and can not 

all be applied in any specific case. Modified to meet 
tiwfs'!^'^^' instruc- Iq^.^i Conditions, they will serve as a basis for marldng 

in all sales and in administrative and free use. The 
district forester may wherever advisable supplement these instruc- 
tions with detailed instructions for the types m the district. 



NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL — TIMBER SALES. 47 

It may be advisable to keep a record of the volume of the trees 
marked and of the trees left to secure an idea of the percentage of 
timber reserved. 

Marking in all sales must be such as will insure the best forest 
growth after cutting consistent with practicable 
Genera po cy. Jogging operations. AH other terais of the sale will 
be subordinated to" this end. As far as type conditions permit, this 
marking should leave on the ground sufficient timber for a second 
cut witiiin a period of 50 years or less. Even if clear cutting is neces- 
sary, usually not less than one-fourth of the original stand should be 
retained in groups of seed trees to insure complete restocking. 

All mature and overmature trees will be marked, except when 
required for seed or protection. Similarly, all trees 
tiTO*tr"es.^''*^ *^^^^*'' wliich show sucli defects as punk knots, spike tops, 
bad crooks, low forks, fire scars, cat faces, or frost 
cracks, will be marked. The officer doing the marking will not be 
unreasonable in requiring purchasers to take defective trees, but as a 
general rule those which will yield one merchantable log will be 
marked. 

An approximate diameter limit, if one is given in the contract, will 

be flexible. Thriftv, rapidly growing trees of desir- 

Diameter limits. ^^^^ ^^^^^^.^^ ^.j^ ^^^ ^^ mai'ked, cvcn if larger than 

the stated diameter. Defective trees of any size wliich can be utilized 
will be marked, unless needed for seed or protection. 

The need of an early second cut, as well as the necessity of rapidly 

cutting over all areas of mature and deteriorating 
^^conservative mark- timber SO as to increase the rate of growth of the 

remaining stand, will be carefully weighed before decid- 
ing upon the method of marking to be employed. Where the danger 
of windfall is great only a light^ cutting may be advisable, or groups 
of seed trees may be left where individual trees would be wind 
thrown. Particularly conservative marking may be advisable to 
protect the watershecl, to prevent erosion, to retain the scenic value 
of the Forest along important roads, and at the lower limits of 
types where heavy cutting might result in the encouragement of less 
desirable species.' On steep slopes and exposed ridges the particu- 
lar need for forest cover and the paramount value of trees as seed 
bearers must be given consideration. Where the system of cutting 
plans for a second cut within 20 to 50 years, enough timber should 
be left to make the second cut practical from a lumberman's stand- 
point. 

Each tree will be left, when possible, with its crown free enough 

for vigorous growth. If usable, trees which have 
crowns' free" ^"^ ^ccn badly crowdcd and have only small, sickly 

crowns will be marked unless needed for the preser- 
vation of proper soil conditions or for other silvical reasons. 

Seed trees must be left where there are not enough young trees 

to form a good stand in the future, and the trees 

Seed trees. ^hich woutd otherwise be left are not sufficient in 

number to properly seed up the area. Seed trees should be thrifty 

and capable of bearing large quantities of seed at once. Occasionally 

it will be possible to use trees too misshapen or defective to be mer- 

5276°— 11 4 



48 NATIONAL, FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 

charitable, but as a i*ule, young, thrifty, full-crowned trees, which will 
yield good lumber in the future, wUl be chosen. In mixed forests 
seed trees should be of the more valuable species, but poorer species 
are better than none. In situations where logging is difficult, the 
possibihty of logging individual trees will be considered. 

Where partial reproduction is present, fewer seed trees should be left 
than where there are no seedlings. If there is danger that fire wUl 
run over the area, enough trees will be left to seed the ground fully, 
whether reproduction is present or not. Large openings will not 
be made where the future forest will suffer. A number of seed trees 
will always be left on the edge of openings, such as old bums, on the 
side from which the prevailing winds blow. Ridges should be marked 
very conservatively. Isolated, thrifty trees of desirable species 
should not be marked. 

It is best to first decide which trees should be left, and then mark 
the trees to be removed. Where there is doubt whether a tree is 
needed for seed or protection, it should be retained. Defective trees 
of doubtful merchantable value should ordinarily be marked. Cor- 
rect marking can only be determined after a careful study of local 
types and species. 

In dense stands of even-aged timber, particularly of species liable 
to wind throw, clear cutting may be the only prac- 

Clean cutting. j.- ui ^u i t i i. ^^ ^ 

ticable method. In such cases, compact groups or 
patches of timber, of sufficient size to be wind firm should be left at 
frequent intervals to insure restocking. The areas cut clean should 
never be so large as to endanger complete reseedmg from the patches 
of timber which will remain. The latter should be located as far as 
practicable upon the higher ground and other points favorable to 
wide distribution of seed. 

It is usually advisable for a Forest officer thoroughly familiar with 
Check markin ^^® principles which have been followed in the original 
mar ng. marking, to check the marking before the sawyers 
and loggers have left any area, in order to mark any trees which were 
obviously overlooked, or, better stUl, just before operations have 
reached an area, in order also to cancel the marks on trees which 
should be left. 

Witness trees, or any trees blazed to mark the line of any official 
witness and line GoveiTiment survey, will never be marked or other- 
*"'*• wise designated for cutting. 

The pohcy in regard to cutting timber on claims, on pages 38 and 
Timber on claims. 39, wiU be observed in marking. 

BRUSH DISPOSAL. 

The best way to dispose of brush is not everywhere the same. 
Piling and burning wiU be required where the fire risk is great, other- 
wise the method promising the best silvicultural results. 

If piling and burning is necessary, all lops and debris, including 
pjjj^ large chips made from hewing ties, wiU be piled at a 

safe distance from standing trees. The piles will 
not be made in groups of seedlings or young growth, against dead 
snags, near Hving trees, or on stumps, large tops or logs, but when- 
ever possible in openings. Piles should be adapted to the size of 



NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 49 

the opening in which they are made and sufficiently compact to 
kindle easily and bum cleanly. Limbs or trimmed tops too large 
to burn well need not be piled, but may be left on the ground to rot. 
The ideal pile is of medium size, conical in shape, compact, 5 to 7 feet 
in diameter at the base, and 4 or 5 feet liigh. 

Wlien brush can not be piled on account of snow, and the contract 
does not provide for postponement, the necessary 
Postponement of modification sliould be granted by the proper Forest 
officer, in accordance with the instructions on page 33. 
Brush will be scattered whenever this method promises the best 
silvicultural results, unless there is serious danger of 
erng. ^^^ ^^_ whcrc there is dense timber or reproduction. 

The scattered brush should be dense enough to afford actual protec- 
tion to seedlings from evaporation or trampling by stock and to the 
soil from erosion. Ordinarily brush \\all be lopped so as to lie not 
higher than 2 feet from the ground. Less careful work ma}^ be suffi- 
cient in openings where the object is to keep cattle or other stock 
away from expected reproduction. 

Ground burning may be advisable where clean cutting has been 
. ^ . emiiloved, to expose the loose, mineral soil for better 

Ground burning. ^i ' • i • ^ 

seed germmation. 
Wliere ground burning is adopted, the brush and debris will be 
left unpiled until conditions make it safe to burn the entire slashing. 
To follow this plan the agreement must require the purchaser to clear 
a fu'e line around the area to be burned and around all patches of 
timber %\dthin it which are to be left, and to furnish adequate helj) to 
the Forest officer wdio supervises the burning. 

Frequently the most economical way to dispose of brush, if 
weather conditions are suitable, is to burn it as the 
prl^esse^s*'''""'''^ cuttiug progresses. Fires can be started at con- 
venient points and the brush throwTi on them as it 
is lopped. This is often feasible after light snow falls. 

Brush burning is necessary whenever there is danger of fire, but 
ordinarily is not advisable over an entire sale area. 
piEs!'^"*'^^ ^^^^^ It. is frequently possible to burn the brush so as to 
form broad fire lines, particularly along railroads or 
wagon roads, laid out so as to do the least injury to young growth. 
Fire lines will ordinarily follow ridges rather than canyons and will 
be laid out according to the topography. WTiere to burn brush 
completely means damage to reproduction, unburned piles wiU be 
left, if they are not too close together. The eftect of burning on 
grazing and future reproduction will be carefully weighed. 

The best times for orush burning are after a light fall of snow or 
rain, early in the spring before the snow has melted 
or the dry season has begim, or during or immediately 
after summer rains. 

The proper method of disposing of brush from insect-infested 

Brush from Insect trccs must depend upon the habits of the insects by 

Infested or fungus which the trees are attacked. The brush from 

infected trees. fungus or mistletoe infected trees which constitute 

a menace will be burnedo 



50 NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 

I 

I Brush disposal must always keep pace witli logging, except when 
',»*»-,. -, the depth of snow or other adequate reasons make 

Kate 01 uisposai. ■'•i. i ..i ,• • -t ^ t-i 

proper disposal at the time impossible. Frequent 
inspection is necessary to see that the contract is being fulfilled in 
this respect. 

District foresters will, wherever necessary or advisable, issue more 
Detaued instmc- detailed instructions for the disposal of brush in 
tions. types found in the district. 

SCALING, 

Unless timber is sold on the basis of an estimate, as is occasionally 
done in timber settlement, it must be scaled, counted, or measured 
before it is removed from the cutting area, or from the place agreed 
upon for the scahng, counting, or measuring. 

All saw timber will be scaled by the Scribner Decimal C log rule. 
Scale rule This rule drops the units and gives the contents of a 

log to the nearest 10. Wlien the total scale of a log 
is desired, all that is necessary is to add one cipher to the sum of the 
numbers read from the scale stick, excepting the contents of 6 and 8 
foot logs, 6 and 7 inches in diameter. These are given as 0.5, which 
multiplied by 10 gives 5 feet as the actual contents. 

In the absence of a scale stick, or where the position of logs in the 
pile makes its use difficult, the diameters and lengtjis may be tallied 
and the contents figured from a scale table later. 

In order to decrease cost, purchasers may be required to skid logs 

for scaling, unless the cost of logging will be greatly 

pMchaswr"*' °^ increased by such requirement. Wlienever this 

requirement is made it should be covered by an 

appropriate clause in the contract. 

The Forest officer should always insist on having one end of piles or 
skidways even, so that the ends of logs may be easily reached. 

When necessary and possible, the purchaser will be required to 
mark top ends of logs to avoid question when they are scaled in the 
pile. 

Each log scaled must be numbered with crayon. The number will 
be the same as that opposite which the scale of the 
urn ering ogs. log is recorded in the scale book. 

The lo^s in all skidways must be counted, and the 

niunber of°iogs*°**' number m each pile checked with the entries in the 

scale book. 

Each merchantable log after scahng will be stamped "U. S." on at 

least one end. Logs so defective as to be unmer- 

ampng ogs. chautable will not be stamped, but will be marked 

"Cull." 
On all National Forests except those in Alaska and west of the sum- 
mit of the Cascade Mountains in Washington and 
scaling. '*''*^*^'' '"^ Oregon, logs over 16 feet long will be scaled as two or 
more logs, if possible in lengths not less than 12 feet. 
The following table shows how the lengths may be divided when 
scaling logs 18 to 60 feet long. The number of inches to be added to 
the diameter at the small end of each log, to cover taper, is placed 
under each length. 



NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 



51 



For example, a 42-foot log 16 inches in diameter at the top would 
be scaled as — 

One 12-foot log with a diameter of 16 inches. 
One 14-foot log with a diameter of 17 inches. 
One 16-foot log with a diameter of 19 inches. 





, feet. 


Log lengths. 




Total length 


feet. 


Log lengths. 


Total length 


Butt 
log. 


Sec- 
ond 
log. 


Third 
log. 


Top 
log. 


Butt 
log. 


Sec- 
ond 
log. 


Third 
log. 


Top 
log. 


18 


...feet-, 
.inches. . 

...feet.. 
.inches.. 

...feet., 
.inches.. 

...feet., 
.inches. . 

...feet., 
.inches. . 

...feet.. 
.inches.. 
....feet., 
.inches.. 
....feet., 
.inches. . 
....feet., 
.inches.. 
....feet., 
.inches.. 
....feet., 
.inches.. 


10 

1 
10 

1 
12 

1 
14 

1 
14 

1 
14 

2 
16 

2 
16 

2 
12 

3 
12 

3 
14 

3 






8 


10 


10 


10 


12 


14 


14 


16 


10 


12 


12 




40. 
42. 
44. 
46. 
48. 
50. 
52. 
54. 
56. 
58. 
60. 


Increase — 

increase 

increase 

increase 

Increase — 


....feet., 
.inches.. 
....feet., 
.inches.. 
....feet., 
.inches.. 
....feet., 
.inches.. 
....feet., 
.inches.. 
. . .feet.. 


16 

3 
16 

3 
16 

3 
16 

4 
16 

4 
14 

4 
16 

4 
16 

5 
16 

5 
16 

5 
16 

5 


12 

1 
14 

1 
16 

1 
16 

2 
16 

2 
12 

3 
12 

3 
14 

3 
16 

3 
16 

3 
16 

3 




"n 
1 

12 

1 

12 

1 

12 
1 

14 
2 

14 
2 


12 











20 






12 











22 






12 











24 






14 











26 






16 











28 






12 








Increase 

increase 

increase. . . 
increase. . . 
increase... 
Increase . . . 


.inches.. 
....feet., 
.inches.. 
....feet., 
.inches.. 
....feet., 
.inches.. 
....feet., 
.inches.. 
....feet., 
.inches.. 





30 






12 











32 






12 











34 

Increase 

36 

Increase 

38 

Increase 


12 
1 

12 
1 

12 
1 




12 


12 


14 




This table is intended to be used simply as a guide. The allowances 
for taper should be varied to conform to the actual taper. 

On the National Forests in Alaska and west of the summit of the 

s eciai rule for Cascade Mouutaius in Washington and Oregon, logs 

Alaska and west up to and including 32 feet long will be scaled as one 

slope of cascades, i^^. j^ng^i^g f^.^j^ 34 f^^t to 64 fcct, iuclusive, wiU be 

scaled as two logs, dividing them at the center as near as may be in 
even feet; for example, a 34-foot log will be scaled as an 18-foot and 
a 16-foot top log. The diameter of the larger log may be determined 
by taking the average of the top and butt diameters of the whole 
length or by calipering or estimated by the scaler with the help of 
a taper table. A 36-foot log will be scaled as two 18-foot logs. 
This does not apply to lengths including rapidly tapering butt cuts. 
The lengths and tapers for sucli logs can be judged by the scaler. 
Greater lengths than 64 feet will be scaled as three logs, making the 
divisions as nearly equal as possible and in even feet, and increasing 
the diameters according to the taper of the log. 

When the logs are scaled as two or more logs, the scale allowed for 
the separate lengths will be added and the total sum recorded as one 
log. 

Wliile no hard and fast rules can be given or followed, certain 
general principles may be laid down. They must, 
inSng. ""^'•^"^'^ however, be used with judgment by the scaler and 
varied wherever the conditions demand. Among the 
points which must be considered are the size and shape of the logs, 
the quality as affected by various kuids of defects, the size and loca- 
tion of defect, and the requirements and limitations of markets. 



52 NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 

It is assumed that purchasers utilize the maximum amount of 

TTnnecessar loss material in manufacture. Since the Government can 

In manufacture not not be held responsible for loss caused by poor equip- 

considered. meut or poor management, the scaler should not take 

them into consideration. 

Loss may be caused by too thick slabbing; cuttmg material too 
thick or too wide at the main saw; poorly "sized" lumber; excessive 
"crowding" by the sawyer; poorly kept saws which "run;" waste in 
edging and trimming through ignorance or carelessness ; samng for a 
certam class of material regardless of the quantity of waste this 
involves. 

It is important that measurement of lengths be made frequently 
Measuring log cnougli to be surc that logs do not exceed the allow- 
lengths. ance for trimming specified in the contract. 

If the scaler finds frequent violations, he will measure every log, 
and all logs found overrunning the trimming allowance will be scaled 
as if 2 feet longer, or 1 foot longer where the contract provides for 
odd lengths. Penalty scaling will be noted in the scale book against 
the number of the log so scaled to avoid possible controversy. 

Frequent measuring is especially important on small sales where a 
Forest officer is not always present, because sawyers are more apt to 
be lax in measuring than when an officer is daily checldng lengths. 

Logs will be scaled in odd lengths if provided for in the contract. 

All diameters will be measured inside the bark at the top end of 
the log. If logs are not round, scalers will average the 

in g ame ers. gj.g^|.gg^ diameter inside the bark at the top end of the 
log with the diameter at right angles to this. The necessary re- 
duction in diameter will be made for swelling at the scaling end of 
a log when no lumber can be produced from it. 

Diameters will be rounded off to the nearest inch above or below 
the actual diameter. 

Any portion of a log which contains a fault which prevents its manu- 
facture into merchantable lumber is cull, and will not 
ogs. ^^ scaled and charged to the purchaser. 

The following defects are most common: 

Uniform center or circular rot, circular shake, pin dote, ground or 
stump rot, cat face, dote at side of log extending to the bark, burns or 
defect caused by lightning extending along side of log, defect caused 
by lightning extending along the log in spiral form, punky or soft sap, 
deep checks or seams, dote appearing in knots, curve, or sweep, crooks, 
crotches, and blue sap. 

In general, a log containing sufficient sound material to saw out 

salable lumber equal to one-third of its contents as 

terial"''^''*^^'*"'*" given by the scale rule is termed "merchantable." 

This will be varied in accordance with the character 

of the timber and local market conditions. 

The term "sound material" is here used to signify such material as 
will produce lumber grading not below No. 3 common, or the lowest 
grade commonly merchantable in the markets supplied. Supervisors 
will, wherever advisable, furnish scalers with specifications of No. 3 
common lumber, or the lowest grade commonly merchantable, from 
the grading rules of the recognized lumber associations in the vicinity 
of their Forests. The scaler is not expected to be a grader, but the 



NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 



53 



grading rules will assist him in determining where to draw the line 
between merchantable and unmerchantable timber. 

Under uniform center or circular rot may be included circular 
"heart rot" or any dote that may be roughly included 
ciTCuia?™t'^'**" °' within a circle on the cross section showing at either 
end of a log, making all of the log within the circle 
unmerchantable. In sawing, this area of defect is squared. The 
accompanying table shows the amounts of lumber which are lost in 
defects of this type, in diameters of 2 to 12 inches in the more common 
log lengths, and which should be deducted from the full scale of the 
log. Amounts for shorter or longer logs can be obtained as follows: 
For 6 or 8 foot logs, deduct one-half the amount of loss, which is the 
same for defect oF a given diameter in a 1 6-inch log as in one of 30- 
inch diameter. 

The actual loss caused by uniform circular rot as shown by the dia- 
gram, is also shown in accordance with the rules of adding 2, 3, and 4 
inches, respectively, to the diameter of the defect, and deducting from 
the full scale of the log an amount equal to the contents of a log of the 
resultant diameter. 





Loss shown by dia- 
gram. 


By adding 
2 inches. 


By adding 
3" inches. 


By adding 
4 inches. 


Diameter of defect. 


Log lengths— 


Log lengths— 


Log lengths— 


Log lengths— 




10 


12 


14 


16 


10 


12 


14 


16 


10 


12 


14 


16 


10 


12 


14 


16 


2 inches 


13J 
25 
46S 
66§ 
100 


4 
16 
30 
56 
80 
120 


4? 
ISi 
35" 
65J 
93J 
140 


5J 
21 J 
40 
74J 

106§ 

160 


























4 inches 


10 

20 
30 
50 
70 


10 
20 
30 
60 
90 


10 
20 
40 
70 
100 


10 
30 
60 
80 
110 


10 
30 
40 
60 
90 


20 
30 
40 
70 
110 


20 
30 
50 
80 
120 


30 
40 
70 
100 
140 


20 
30 
50 
70 
100 


20 
30 
60 
90 
120 


20 
40 
70 
100 
140 


20 


6 inches 


60 


8 inches 


80 


10 inches 


110 


12 inches 


160 







By referring to the table it will be seen that the following rules can 
be used to obtain the desired results: 

For uniform defect 3 inches or less in diameter deduct 10 feet b. m. 
in logs up to 16 feet in length. 

For defect 4 to 6 inches in diameter add 3 inches to actual diameter 
of rot, and deduct from the full scale of the log an amount equal to 
the contents of a log of the resultant diameter. 

For defect 7 to 12 inches in diameter add 4 inches to diameter of 
rot and deduct an amount equal to the contents of a log of the result- 
ant diameter from full scale of log. 

Only experience gained by actually seeing defective logs "opened" 
at the saw will enable scalers to judge how far into a log defect extends 
when it appears only at one end. 

In short logs showing defect less than 4 inches in diameter at only 
one end and not in the knots deduct one-half the amount called for by 
the rule for the full length of the log. 

In measuring the diameter of this type of rot the scaler should 
measure it at the end of the log showing the greatest area of defect, 
since the saw cuts in straight parallel lines. 



54 NATIONAL. FOREST MANUAL — TIMBER SALES. 

The rule given for circular rot may be used in determining the 
amount of loss caused by shake by finding the diam- 
eter of the portion of the log included within the outer 
"ring" of shake. If there is at the center of the log a core of sound 
timber of merchantable size, inside of the shake "rings/' the core will 
be scaled as a log and the difference between its contents and the 
amount to be deducted is the net deduction from the full scale. 
Pin dote appears on the cross section at the end of a log in the form 
^, ^ ^ of little rotten spots usually scattered in a rouglily 

Pin dote. . , ^t- . ■• -i. n ° M 

Circular area. L<ogs contammg it may open up 
poorly, the doty spots frequently converging and forming a mass of 
poor material. It sometimes extends into knots, and generally, if the 
visible area affected is 4 or more inches in diameter, it should be 
deducted as in circular rot. 

Ground or stump rot is found in butt logs, usually appearing in the 

form of brown, dry punk. It seldom extends far into 

^^Ground or stump ^j^^ j^g^ ^^^ usually tapers to a point. If it joins center 

rot from above, the defect falls within the center or 

circular rot class. 

Where stump rot occupies the center of the log to witlim a short 
distance of the bark, a sufficient deduction can be made from the 
length of the log. In addition, a small allowance for the defect 
may also be made, since it may occur in the log above tlie section 
dropped. The responsibility of the sawyers in butting unusually 
defective logs and in adjusting log lengths so as to eliminate defect 
should be determined before scaling. 

The scaler must exercise judgment in such cases, considering the 
relative diameter of the defect as compared with the diameter of 
the butt and sighting along the log to see if any boards can be cut 
between the rot and the bark. Where this defect occurs at only 
one side of the butt, it usually extends only a short distance into 
the log, and frcciuently much of it will come out in the slab, espe- 
cially where there is considerable "flare" or swell. 

Deductions for cat face can be determined by dividing a log into 

Cat face scctioiis as follows : Consider what proportion of the 

length of log is affected; find the contents of this 

section on a scale stick, then determine the proportion of the section 

that will be lost in sawing, and deduct this amount. 

For example, in the butt of a 16-foot log with a top diameter 
of 24 inches, which scales 400 feet b. m., there is a large cat face 
about 5 feet long which extends to the heart of the log. Tlie cat 
face tapers toward its top, where it will come out in slabbing, and 
affects about 4 feet of the log. The 4-foot section afl"ected will 
contain one-fourth of the log scale, or 100 feet b. m. The defect 
includes one-half of the 4-foot section, or 50 feet b. m., which should 
be deducted. Here again judgment must be used. Wliile the defect 
may extend to the heart at the point of cutting on the stump, it 
may taper rapidly toward its top and perhaps affect only one-third 
or less of the section. 

The scaler should never lose sight of the fact that the percentage 

of l(^ss caused by defects located at the side of a 

the^side o'f^th'e^log^ lf>g is mucli less than when they occur near the 

center, since in the former case much of the defect 

will come out in slabbing. This is especially true of the butt of 



NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 55 

the first log where the flare or swell is considerable at the point of 
cutting. 

In culling for dote on one side of a log extending to the bark, 
burns or other defects caused by lightning extending along the side 
of the log, the scaler should consider how far toward the heart they 
extend, and by estimating the percentage affected determine upon 
suitable deductions. 

Since they do not usually run deep and can be mostly removed 
in slabbing, defects caused by Hghtning extending spirally along a 
log do not affect the scale. The percentage of loss is proportionately 
greater in small logs than in large ones. 

Punky or unsound Where a slicll of uiisound sap occurs, only the 
^*P- sound heartwood will be measured. 

Sound blue sap does not render a board unmerchantable, but the 
scaler should be certain that it is not insect eaten, 
ue sap. rjy^^^ fault occurs most frequently in dead trees, but 

may sometimes be found to alTect dying trees. Oftentimes logs 
containing it are slightly punky at the outside, and as a rule, if 
the scaler in measuring the diameter includes the sap on one side 
of the log only, discarding the other sap, the result will be satis- 
factory. 

Deep checks or seams are usually found in dead and dry trees and 
affect the scale in var3dng degree, depending upon the 
seamsf ^'^^"^^ °^ number of checks, tlieir depth, etc. Almost always 
they extend through the sap and frequently into the 
heartwood. Where they alTect the sap alone, the rule for cullmg 
for defective sap will apply; where the checks are small, it is fairly 
certain they all'ect the sap wood only; but when they are of con- 
siderable width they usualh'' affect the heartwood, and proper deduc- 
tions should be made. 

Where only one deep, straight check occurs in a log the loss is very 
small, but where many seams are found the method given for use in 
the case of deep spiral checks can be followed. 

Where deep spiral checks are found, the scaler will measure the 

diameter of the portion of the log included withm the 

ch^cks^^ ^^*^*' largest circle which can be described on a cross section 

without being materially affected by the checks and 

class as defective all that part of the log outside the area defhied by 

the circle. 

Rot in the log is sometimes shown only by an examination of the 
Dote appearing in kuots, and the oulv method of determining the proper 
^^°^^- deduction is to see such logs ''opened up." 

When rot appears at the ends of a log and also in the knots, the 
deduction depending on the number of knots affected, their size, 
position, etc., should be from 10 to 50 per cent greater than when it 
appears at the ends alone. When dote appears in the knots, it indi- 
cates that the area of rot enlarges in the portion of the log near the 
knots. 

The percentage of a log affected by sweej) or curve varies acccording 
to the diameter of the log. An amount of curve that 

Curve or sweep. • i ^ ii ii i i i ^ -i 

might cull a very small log would not necessarily 
cause the rejection of a larger log. 

The scaler should, when possible, sight along curved logs, noting 
where the saw w^ould square the log sufficiently to enable boards to 



56 



NATIONAL. FOREST MANUAL. — TIMBER SALES. 



be cut on both sides affected by the curve, thus determining the 
amount of loss caused by the sweep. It should be remembered that 
boards sawed near the slab are always narrower and contain fewer 
board feet than those sawed from the balance of the log. 

No deduction should be made for curve or sweep in logs over 16 
feet long. 

Except in rare cases, crotches do not affect the scale of logs suffi- 
ciently to require deductions. If sawyers do their 
work properly they will cut back on the log sufficiently 
to eluninate the part affected by the crotch. 

The scaler should obtain the average diameter of the log imme- 
diately below the enlargement caused by the crotch. 



Scribner Decimal "C" Log Rule. 

FOR LOGS UP TO AND INCLUDING 32 FEET IN LENGTH. 
[Contents of logs.] 



Dianieler In 
inches. 



6 
7 
8 
9 
10 

n 

12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18, 
19 
20 

21 

22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28, 
29 
30 

31 
32 
33 
34 
35. 
36, 
37. 
38, 
39. 
40. 

41, 

42, 
43, 
44, 
45, 
46, 
47, 
48, 
49. 
50. 

51. 
52. 



Length (feet)- 



Board 

feet. 

0.5 

0.5 

1 

1 

2 

2 
3 

4 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
11 

12 
13 
14 
15 
17 
19 
21 
22 
23 
25 

27 
28 
29 
30 
33 
35 
39 
40 
42 
45 

48 
50 
52 
56 
57 
59 
62 
65 
67 
70 

73 
76 



Board 
feet. 
0.5 
1 
1 
2 
3 

3 

4 
5 

6 

7 



11 
12 
14 

15 
17 
19 
21 
23 
25 
27 
29 
31 
33 

30 
37 
39 
40 
44 
46 
51 
54 
56 
60 

64 
67 
70 
74 
76 
79 
83 
86 
90 
94 

97 
101 



feet. 


feet. 


1 


1 


1 


2 


2 


2 


3 


3 


3 


3 


4 


4 


5 


6 


6 


7 


7 


9 


9 


11 


10 


12 


12 


14 


13 


16 


15 


18 


17 


21 


19 


23 


21 


25 


23 


28 


25 


30 


29 


34 


31 


37 


34 


41 


36 


44 


38 


46 


41 


49 


44 


53 


40 


55 


49 


59 


50 


60 


55 


66 


58 


69 


64 


77 


67 


80 


70 


84 


75 


90 


79 


95 


84 


101 


87 


105 


93 


111 


95 


114 


99 


119 


104 


124 


108 


130 


112 


135 


117 


140 


122 


146 


127 


152 



feet. 
1 
2 
2 
3 
4 



111 
117 
122 
129 
133 
139 
145 
151 
157 
164 

170 
177 



Board 
feet. 
2 
3 
3 
4 
6 



92 
103 
107 
112 
120 

127 
134 
140 
148 
152 
159 
166 
173 
180 
187 

195 
202 



181 



Board 
feet. 
2 
3 
3 
4 
6 

8 
9 
11 
13 
16 
18 
21 
24 
27 
31 

34 
38 
42 
45 
52 
56 
02 
65 



80 
83 
88 
90 
98 
104 
116 
120 
126 
135 

143 
151 
157 
166 
171 
178 
186 
194 
202 
211 

219 

228 



Board 
feet. 
2 
3 
3 
4 



8 
10 
12 
14 
18 
20 
23 
27 
30 
35 

38 
42 
47 
50 
57 
62 
68 
73 
76 
82 

89 
92 
98 
100 
109 
115 
129 
133 
140 
150 

159 
168 
174 
185 
190 
198 
207 
216 
225 
234 

243 
253 



Board 
feet. 
3 
4 
4 
5 
8 

9 
11 
13 
16 
20 
22 
25 
29 
33 
38 

42 
46 
52 
55 
63 
69 
75 
80 
84 
90 



101 
108 
110 
120 
127 
142 
147 
154 
166 

175 
185 
192 
204 
209 
218 
228 
238 
247 
257 

268 
278 



Board 
feet. 
3 
4 
4 
6 



106 
110 
118 
120 
131 
138 
154 
100 

](;8 

181 

191 
201 
209 
222 
228 
238 
248 
260 
270 
281 

292 
304 



Board 

feet. 

3 

4 

5 



11 
13 
10 
19 
23 
26 
30 
35 
39 
45 

49 
54 
61 
66 
75 
82 
89 
95 
99 
107 

115 
120 
127 
l.'^O 
142 
1.=)0 
167 
174 
182 
196 

207 
218 
227 
241 
247 
2.58 
209 
281 
202 
304 

315 
329 



28 



Board 

feet. 

4 

5 

6 

10 

12 
14 
17 
20 
25 
28 
32 
37 
42 
49 

53 
58 
66 
71 



96 
102 
107 
115 

124 
129 
137 
140 
153 
101 
180 
187 
196 
211 

223 
235 
244 
2.59 
266 
278 
290 
302 
314 
328 

341 
354 



Board 

feet. 
4 
5 
6 
8 
11 

13 
15 
18 
21 
27 
30 
35 
40 
45 
52 

57 
63 
71 
76 
86 
94 
103 
109 
114 
123 

133 
138 
147 
150 
164 
173 
193 
200 
210 
226 

238 
252 
202 
278 
286 
297 
310 
324 
337 
351 

365 
380 



Board 
feet. 
5 



9 
12 

14 
It) 
19 
23 
28 
32 
37 
43 
48 
66 

61 

67 
75 
81 
92 
100 
110 
116 
122 
131 

142 
147 
157 
160 
175 
185 
206 
214 
224 
241 

254 
269 
279 
296 
304 
317 
331 
346 
359 
374 

389 
405 



NATIONAL FOEEST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 

Scribner Decimal "C" Log Rule — Continued. 



57 



Diameter in 
inches. 



Length (feet)— 



Board 
feel. 
79 
82 
85 
88 
91 
95 



105 
108 
112 
116 
119 
123 
127 
131 
135 
139 

144 
148 
152 
157 
161 
166 
171 
176 
180 
185 

190 
196 
201 
206 
210 
215 
221 
226 
231 
230 

241 
246 
251 
257 
262 
268 
273 
278 
284 
289 

295 
301 
307 
313 
319 
325 
331 
337 
344 
350 

356 
362 
369 
375 
382 
389 
396 
403 
410 
417 



Board 
feet. 
105 
109 
113 
118 
122 
126 
131 
135 

140 
145 
149 
154 
159 
164 
170 
175 
180 
186 

192 
197 
203 
209 
215 
221 
228 
234 
240 
247 

254 
261 
268 
275 
281 
287 
295 
301 
308 
315 

322 
329 
335 
343 
350 
357 
364 
371 
379 
386 

393 
401 
409 
417 
425 
433 
442 
450 
459 
467 

475 
483 
492 
501 
509 
519 
528 
537 
547 
556 



10 12 14 16 181 20 22 24 26 



Board 
feet. 
132 
137 
142 
147 
1.52 
158 
163 
169 

175 
181 
187 
193 
199 
206 
212 
219 
226 
232 

240 
247 

254 
261 
269 
277 
285 
293 
301 
309 

317 
326 
335 
343 
351 
359 
368 
377 
3S5 
393 

402 
411 
419 

428 
437 
446 
455 
464 
473 



492 
502 
512 
522 
532 
542 
553 
663 
573 
583 

594 
604 
615 
626 
637 
648 
660 
672 
683 
695 



Board 
feet. 
158 
164 
170 
176 
183 
189 
196 
203 

210 
217 
224 
232 
239 
247 
254 
262 
271 
279 

287 
296 
305 
314 
323 
332 
341 
351 
361 
371 

381 

391 
401 
412 
421 
431 
442 
452 
462 
472 

483 
493 
503 
514 
525 
536 
546 
557 
568 
579 

590 
602 
614 
626 
638 
650 
663 
675 



713 
725 

738 
751 
764 
778 
792 
806 
820 
834 



Board 
feet. 
184 
191 
198 
206 
213 
221 
229 
237 

245 
253 
261 
270 
279 
288 
297 
306 
316 
325 

335 
345 
356 
366 
377 
387 
398 
410 
421 
432 

444 
456 
468 
481 
491 
503 
516 
527 
539 
551 

563 
575 
587 
600 
612 
625 
637 
650 
663 
675 



702 
716 
730 
744 
758 
773 
788 
803 
817 

832 

846 
861 
876 
891 
90S 
924 
940 
957 
973 



Board 
feet. 
210 
218 
227 
235 
244 
252 
261 
270 

280 
289 
299 
309 
319 
329 
339 
350 
.361 
372 

383 
395 
406 
418 
430 
443 
455 
468 
481 
494 



521 
535 
549 
501 
575 
589 
603 
616 
629 

644 
657 
671 
685 
700 
715 
728 
743 
757 
772 

787 
803 
819 
835 
851 
867 
884 
900 
917 
933 

951 
967 
984 
1,001 
1.019 
1,037 
1,056 
1,075 
1,093 
1,112 



Board 

feet. 
237 
246 
255 
264 
274 
284 
294 
304 

315 
325 
336 
348 
358 
370 
381 
393 
406 
419 

430 
444 
457 
471 
484 
498 
511 
527 
541 
556 

572 
586 
601 
618 
631 
646 
663 
678 
693 
708 

725 
739 

754 
771 
788 
804 
819 
835 
852 
869 

885 

903 

921 

939 

957 

975 

995 

1,013 

1,032 

1,050 

1,069 
1,087 
1,107 
1,126 
1,146 
1,167 
1,188 
1,209 
1,230 
1,251 



Board 
feet. 
263 
273 
2S3 
294 
304 
315 
327 
338 

350 
362 
373 
387 
398 
412 
423 
437 
452 
465 

478 
493 
508 
523 
538 
553 
508 
585 
(i02 
618 

635 

652 
668 
687 
702 
718 
737 
753 
770 
787 

805 

822 
838 
857 
875 
893 
910 
928 
947 
965 

983 
1,003 
1,023 
1,043 
1,063 
1,083 
1,105 
1,125 
1,147 
1,167 

1,188 
1,208 
1,230 
1,252 
1,273 
1,297 
1,320 
1,.343 
1,367 
1,390 



Board 
feet. 
289 
300 
312 
323 
335 
347 
359 
372 

385 
398 
411 
425 
438 
453 
466 
480 
497 
512 

526 
543 
559 
576 
592 
609 
625 
644 
662 
680 

699 

717 
735 
755 
772 
790 
810 
829 
847 
865 



Board 
feet. 
316 
328 
340 
3.53 
365 
379 
392 
406 

420 
434 
448 
464 
478 
494 
508 
524 
542 
558 

574 
592 
610 
628 
646 
664 
682 
702 
722 
742 

762 
782 
802 
824 
842 
802 
884 
904 
924 
944 

966 
986 

006 



082 

104 11 

126 1 

148 |l 

170 il 

192 1 

210 ,1 

238 1 

261 ;1 

283 11 



307 1 

329 1 

3.53 1 

377 1 

401 !1 

426 1 

452 1 

478 1 

.503 1 

529 a 



Board 
feet. 
368 
382 
397 
411 
426 
442 
457 
473 

490 
506 
523 
541 
558 
576 
593 
611 
632 
651 

670 
691 
712 
733 
754 
775 
796 
819 
842 
866 



Board 
feet. 
341 
3.55 
368 
382 
396 
410 
425 
439 

455 
470 
485 
503 
518 
535 
550 
568 
587 
605 

622 
641 
661 
680 
700 
719 
739 
761 
782 
804 

826 

847 

869 

893 

912 

934 

958 

979 
1,001 
1,023 

1,047 
1,068 
1,090 
1,114 
1,138 
1,161 
1,183 
1,207 
1,231 
1,255 

1,278 
1,304 
1,330 

1,3.50 il,401 

1,382 1,489 

1,408 ll,517 

1,437 |1,.547 

1,463 !l,575 

1,491 |l,605 

1,517 11,633 

1,545 |l,664 
1,571 11,692 
1,599 |1,722 
1,627 il,752 
1,(55 11,783 
1,686 1 1,815 
1.716 !l,848 
1,746 1,881 
1,913 
1,807 1,946 



912 

936 

961 

982 

1,006 

1,031 

1,055 

1,078 

1,101 

1,127 
1,1.50 
1,174 
1,199 
1,225 
1,2.51 
1,274 
1,300 
1,325 
1,351 

1,377 

405 

1,433 



30 32 



Board Board 



feet 
395 
410 
425 
441 
457 
473 
490 
507 

525 
542 
560 
580 
597 
617 
635 
655 
677 
698 

717 
740 

762 
785 
807 
830 
852 
878 
902 
927 

953 
977 
1,002 
1,030 
1,052 
1,077 
1,105 
1,130 
1,1.55 
1, 180 

1,208 
1,232 
1,2,57 
1,285 
1,313 
1,340 
1,3(5 
1,392 
1,420 
1,448 

1,475 
1,.505 
1,535 
1 , 565 
1,.595 
1,025 
1,6.58 
1,688 
1,720 
1,750 

1,782 
1,812 
1,845 
1,877 
1,910 
1,945 
1,980 
2,015 
2,050 
2,085 



feel. 
421 
437 
4.53 
470 
487 
505 
523 
541 

560 
579 
597 
619 
637 
659 
677 
699 
723 
744 

765 
789 
813 
837 
861 
8.S5 
909 
936 
963 
989 

1,016 
1,043 
1,069 
1,099 
1,123 
1,149 
1,179 
1,205 
1,232 
1,259 

1,288 
1,315 
1,.341 
1,.371 
1,400 
1,429 
1,456 
1,485 
1,515 
1,544 

1,.573 
1,605 
1,637 
1, 669 
1,701 
1,733 
1,768 
1,800 
1,835 
1,867 

1,901 
1,933 
1,968 
2,003 
2,037 
2,075 
2,112 
2,149 
2.187 
2 224 



1 Scale for logs 18 to 32 feet in length to be used only on National Forests in Alaska and on the West 
slope of the Cascade Mountains in Wasliington and Oregon, or as otherwise provided by specific instruc- 
tions from the Forester. 



58 



NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES, 



Ties may be sold by the piece, actually scaled, or counted and the 

^jg number multiplied by tlie average contents, as the 

contract provides. The following ratios may be used: 

Eight-foot ties, standard face, 33 J board feet each, may be used, or 

30 ties to the thousand; 8-foot ties, second class, and 6-foot ties, 

standard face, 25 board feet each, or 40 ties to the thousand. 

Shake and shingle-bolt material will be measured by the cord or 

by the thousand feet board measure, in accordance 

^Shakes and shingle ^^|^ j^^^j custom. As a rule, a cord of shingle bolts 

may be considered equal to 600 feet b. m. 

Lagging may be measured by the cord or linear foot or by the 

^^ ^^ piece, or where split lagging is used by the board foot, 

each cubic foot counting as 12 board feet. 
Poles, posts, piles, converter poles, telephone poles, and stuUs may 
Poles posts etc ^® Scaled, sold by tlie linear foot, or sold by the 

piece, as circumstances warrant. 

Wlaen scaled, each stick of timbers, ties, posts, poles, or piles must 

stamping material ^^ Stamped ou at least ouc end. Cordwood must 

other than saw tim- be Stamped at both top and bottom of each pile 

and at least 12 pieces in each cord must be stamped. 

In check scaling as many logs as practicable will be scaled after 

Check scaiine they have been scaled by the officer in charge and 

without knowing his scale. The check will then be 

compared with the original scale. The log numbers of the original 

scale, as well as the length of logs, will in each case be recorded in 

the check scaler's book and the pages cut out and filed in the 

supervisor's office, or, when necessary, forwarded to the district 

forester through the supervisor, with the check scaler's report. 

Check-scale figures may be in the following form : 





Sound logs. 


Unsound logs. 


Totals. 


Number 
of logs. 


Scale. 


Per cent 
+ or-. 


Number 
of logs. 


Scale. 


Per cent 
+ or-. 


Number 
of logs. 


Scale. 


Per cent 
+ or — . 


Scale 








































Check scale.. . 







































Any feasible plan may be adopted by supervisors to permit the 
checking of the count or measurement of material other than saw 
timber. 

Logs may be followed through the mill to determine how they 
Miu-scaie studies "^peu up," but regular mill-scale studies as a check 
on the scale are rarely advisable, since there are too 
many variable factors which influence the mill output. 



SALE OF MISCELLANEOUS FOREST PRODUCTS. 



The sale of wild seedlings and Christmas trees, where the value is 
less than $100, and such products as cascara bark and turpentine 
will ordinarily be conducted by the supervisor under directions from 
the Forester or district forester. 



NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 59 

APPEALS. 

All complaints and appeals arising from action taken by a Forest 
ranger or other subordinate officer on a National 
range? ^^"^^^"""^ °* Forest, either relating to apphcations for purchases 
of timber or to the enforcement of the terms of an 
existing contract, will be referred in the first instance to the super- 
visor for decision. Decision will be rendered by the supervisor in 
writing and a copy filed with the record in the case. 

Appeals from the action taken by a supervisor must bo filed with 
liim mthin 15 days from the date of such action or 
super^so^r!'^'^^*''*^ °^ dccisioii ill the case of appeals arising under the 
enforcement of existing contracts and within 30 
days in the case of appeals arising in connection with applications 
to purchase timber, or for the modification of an existing contract. 
The supervisor will transmit the appeal, with all supporting evidence 
submitted, to the district forester, together with the complete record 
in the case and his further recommendations and statement of the 
facts or reasons upon which his action was based. Decision will then 
be rendered by the district forester and the supervisor and appellant 
notified. 

Appeals from decisions of a cUstrict forester or of the Forester will 
From decisions of fo^ow the Same procedure and be governed by the 
district forester and same time fimits. The district forester \vi\l transmit 
the appeal to the Forester, with all supporting evi- 
dence submitted, the complete record in the case, and his own 
recommendations and statement of the facts or reasons upon winch 
his action was based. Similar data will be transmitted by the 
Forester to the Secretary in case of appeals from decisions of the 
Forester. Decisions rendered by the Forester will be transmitted 
through the district forester to the supervisor and appellant. 

Decisions on appeals rendered by supervisors wall be prepared in 
j^gp^jj.^ triphcate. The original will be sent to the appeUant 

and the extra copy to the Forest officer concerned. 
Decisions rendered by a district forester will be prepared in tripli- 
cate. The original will be sent to the appellant and the extra copy 
to the supervisor. 

Decisions rendered by the Forester will be prepared in quadrupli- 
cate and by the Secretary in quintuphcate. The original wall be 
sent to the appellant and copies furnished for the files of the Forester, 
district forester, and supervisor. 

RECORDS AND REPORTS. 

The Forest officer in charge w ill notify the supervisor when cutting 
begins on any advertised sale. Thescalein all sales will 
e repor s. ^^ reported on Form 820 to the supervisor and a dupli- 
cate retained in the ranger's files. In unadvertised sales only the 
final report need be submitted. In advertised sales cutting reports 
wall be submitted while work is in progress, covering periods of one, 
two, three, or four weeks, as may be required by the supervisor, but 
in each case ending with Saturday. On Forests where there are a 
number of sales in operation definite dates may be set upon which the 
cutting reports shall be submitted. 



60 NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 

As cutting reports (Form 820) are received they will be compared 
with the timber sales record card for errors in entries 
of^^cutttal^eports.^*^ brought forward from the last report and for the cor- 
rectness of the rates. All calculations will be checked 
and the information regarding the progress of the sale closely scruti- 
nized. The date of the report, quantity of each class of material cut 
reduced to feet board measure, according to approved converting 
factors, and total value of material cut since the last report and to 
date will be entered on the record card. The total value of the cut 
to date will be compared with the total deposits to guard against 
cutting in excess of payments. 

Supervisors may in their discretion furnish approved cutting reports 
to purchasei-s on Form 820 without the answere to the questions on 
the back. 

In large sales a record of the scale of each log must be kept on file 

in the office of the supervisor in the book in which it 

Scale record-su- .^^^g oriorinally entered. It will be open to inspection 

pervisor s ofiice. & -' . n ■• i , i • j^i 

by the purchaser at all times, but only m the presence 
of the supervisor or an officer from the district office. 

The monthly report on Form 949 will be mailed to the district for- 
ester by the supervisor not later than the 5th of the 
sold and cut *^^®^ succeeding month, even if during the month no timber 
has been sold or cut. It will be compiled from all 
Forms 615, which will not be placed in the closed records until the 
end of the month. Timber cut in sales and in settlements in which 
payment is made will be included. The date of the approval of the 
agreement or stipulation will in each case be taken as the date of sale, 
even though advance cutting may have been allowed. The date of 
receipt of the cutting report will be taken as the date of cutting for 
the report; all data will be checked before the report is forwarded. 

The report should include a statement of the amount of timber pre- 
viously reported as sold which will not be cut owing to cancellations 
or modifications of contracts during the month. 

As soon as practicable after the 1st of each month the district for- 
ester will report to the Forester the amount and value 
montw'*'*re^*ort^**^^ of green and dead timber sold and cut, respectively, 
during the preceding month, by Forests. This report 
should include a statement of the amount of timber previously re- 
ported as sold which will not be cut owing to cancellations or modifi- 
cations of contracts during the month. 

The annual report will be compiled from the 

Annual report. monthly rcportS. 

Sales of miscellaneous forest products, such as Christmas trees, 

turpentine, seedlings, etc., should be reported in the 

^,?![lf tJi^tf^nr^flrt' form of a footnote to the district foresters' monthlv 

QUCtS, now reporxeu. ,1*1*1 iiii * 

and annual report of timber cut and sold. 
Converting equivalents will be used in reducing various materials 

to feet board measure. Tables of converting factors 
tors*"^*^'"^ ^^^' will be prepared in each district to meet varying 

conditions. Before these are adopted they will be 
approved by the Forester. 

A summary (Form 616) of the timber business will be kept in the 

district office for each Forest and the card filed in 
safeTeS. *'"^" f^ont of all othcr record cards for the Forest. Each 

supervisor will keep Form 616 for his Forest. In order 



NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 61 

that this form may show separately the amount of live and dead tim- 
ber cut, supervisors will enter in red ink on this card form all the dead 
timber sold and cut and its value. Entries for live timber will be 
made in black ink. At the end of each month the quantity and value 
of each class of timber sold and cut will be entered on the summary 
card. At the end of each fiscal year the summaries by Forests will be 
totaled and entered upon a summary card for the district, which will 
be filed as the front card in the current record file. The timber cut 
in free and administrative use will be included in the total cut for the 
year. 

The annual cost of timber sales for the fiscal year on each Forest 
will be considered with the amount of timber sold and 

Cost data. ^^^^^ ^^ determine whether the cost has been excessive. 

Occasionally it may be necessary to secure detailed figures on repre- 
sentative large or small sales, showing the relation of the cost of sales 
to the stumpage price received. 

The following form should be used for reporting and recording tim- 
ber sale costs. Wlien advisable, in the judgment of 

^°^^' the supervisor or district forester, mimeographed 

sheets may be prepared with ruled columns for periodic entry of the 
days and amounts chargeable to the various cost items, particularly 
to marking, scaling, and brush burning. 

(Case designation.) 
Examination : 

(a) Salaries of men (in cents per 1,000 feet or per cord). 

(b) Supplies, transportation, etc. (in cents per 1,000 feet or per cord). 

(c) Total cost of examination (in cents per 1,000 feet or per cord). 
Office work: 

In local office (in cents per 1,000 feet or per cord). 
Field work: 

(a) Marking (in cents per 1,000 feet or per cord). 

(6) Scaling (in cents per 1,000 feet or per cord). 

?c) Brush burning (in cents per 1,000 feet or per cord). 

{d) Check scaling (in cents per 1,000 feet or per cord). 
Administration : 

(a) Supervision (in cents per 1,000 feet or per cord). 

(6) Total cost per 1,000 feet or per cord of administration. 

Area of sale 

Amount of timber cut 

Species 

Price 

(Per cord or per 1,000 feet b.m.,etc.) 

Total cost of sale 

(Per cord or per 1,000 feet b. m.) 

Remarks 



(Reasons for high or low costs. If sale is not closed, what will be the probable cost? Are data 
approximate or exact?) 



ADMINISTRATIVE USE OF TIMBER. 

Timber may be disposed of under the administrative use regulation 
(Regulation S-1 7) by sale, under free use, or other^vise 
isteatwe^use! **^™^''" ^^ remove an actual menace from insects, lire, 
disease, or other sources. Timber may be removed 
under this regulation when it is necessary for the construction, main- 
tenance, or repair of permanent improvements upon National Forests 
or for experiments conducted by tiie Forest Service. Exchanges of 
timber for labor, services, or material in the building of permanent 
improvements are, however, not authorized. 

Under this regidation the district foresters may authorize super- 
A 4.V. ,4. f ^, visors to dispose of timber by administrative use in 

Authority of dls- ^ i i • i i i • ^ • , i 

trict foresters and amouuts depending upon the conditions on the 
supervisors. Forcst and the experience of the supervisor, within 

the amount which each supervisor is authorized to sell. 

When an application is received or the supervisor believes from 
personal knowledge or from the reports of Forest 
officers that timber should be disposed of under 
administrative use, he will direct a field examination and the prepara- 
tion as soon as practicable of a map and a complete report in accord- 
ance with Forms 578a and 578b, 

If it is found that because of disease, insect attack, or other cause 
a body of timber is a menace to the Forest, it will, 
^^Methods of dispo- jf possible, be removed promptly with as little 
expense as possible, preferably by sale, and in such 
a manner as to reduce to a minimum the future danger. When a 
sale can not be made and regular free use will not remove the timber 
soon enough to prevent loss, administrative use permits will be 
issued. 

Forester's administrative use permits will be prepared in quin- 
Forester's and dls- tuplicatc, and district forester's m quadruplicate, 
trict foresters per- The permits will be executed in duplicate, and the 
™'*^" executed copies forwarded to the Forester or district 

forester, as the case may be, for approval with the report and recom- 
mendations of the supervisor. The approved original will be filed 
in the district office, the duplicate transmitted to the permittee and 
copies furnished the supervisor and local ofiicer in charge. The fifth 
copy, in Forester's permits, will be retained in the Forester's files. 
The card record on Form 615 in the supervisor's office will be 
kept as an index card and record of the amounts cut 

Card records. ^- i 

as 111 sales. 
The permit will be prepared in triplicate. The original is for 
the permittee, the duplicate for the supervisor's 
miSra'tfvTpemfit.' files. and the triplicate for the ranger. 
62 



NATIONAL FOKEST MANUAL ADMINISTRATIVE USE. 63 

Form of ermit ^^^ preparing the permit the folio wiug form will 

serve as a guide: 

ADMINISTRATIVE USE PERMIT. 

, National Forest , 

(Date of application.) (I or we) 

(If copartnership, give names and addresses of individuals, followed by "partners doing business under 
the firm name and style of ;" if corporation, "A corporation organized and existing under the 

laws of the State (or Territory) of , having an ofTice and principal place of business at 

, hereby apply for permission to take, within .... months from above 

•") 

date, all 

( Describe nature of injury to timber, such as attack by insects, fimgus, mistletoe, etc.) 

marked or designated for cutting by the Forest officer, the removal of which is actually 
necessary to protect the forest from ravages or destruction, located on an area to be 

definitely designated by the Forest officer before cutting begins in 

( Give approximat e 

location and describe by relation to some well-known landmark, stream, etc. Give also legal subdivision 

if surveyed and approximate legal subdivision if unsurveyed.) 

estimated to be 

(Give quantity, species, and material.) 

If this application is approved agree, in consideration of the granting 

(I or we) 

of the privilege herein applied for, to cut and remove said timber in strict accordance 
with the following and all other regulations and instructions governing National 
Forests prescribed by the Secretary of Agriculture. 

(Insert regulations to govern cutting and removal of the timber.) 

Signed in duplicate this day of , 19. . 

Witnesses: 

(Signature.) 



Approved at , under the above conditions, 19. 

(Signature of approving officer.) 



(Title.) 

Bonds will be required only in exceptional cases when necessary 
Bond, when re- to iusurc faithful Compliance with the conditions of 
i*^*^^*^- the permit. 

Forest officers will designate cutting areas and mark the timber 
to be removed as in timber sales. All administra- 
^_ Supervision of cut- ^-.^^^ ^g^ ^^ timber except that cut or used for per- 
manent improvements on the National Forests will be 
scaled, counted or measured, and stamped. 

5276°— 11 5 



64 NATIONAL. FOREST MANUAL ADMINISTEATIVE USE, 

The ranger will file his copy of the permit alphabetically by name of 
R n er's record of ^^^® permittee. When the case is closed or the per- 
admiaistrative-use mittcc is notified that the cutting area is in a satisfac- 
permits. ^^^^ Condition, the date of closing or notice and the 

amount and value of material secured will be entered on the back of 
the permit. 

Timber cut under administrative use except that cut or used in 

connection with permanent improvements on the 

^^Report of timber ]S[ational Forcsts Will be included in the ranger's annual 

free-use reports to the supervisor. 

As soon as the conditions of the permit have been complied with, the 

permittee will be notified by the supervisor that the 

Closing. cutting area is in a satisfactory condition and the 

administrative use closed. 



TIMBER SETTLEMENT. 

Settlement for timber cut, damaged, killed, or destroyed on the 
National Forests in connection with the enjoyment of any special-use 
privilege is called a timber settlement. 

Where the timber will be killed or destroyed but not removed, or in 
.. those cases where it will not be worked into measur- 

Payment on the , ^j.- • i • i 

basis of estimate or able lomi, or wJicre tlic cuttmg IS done m sucli a way 
^^^^^' that scaling is impracticable, settlement may be 

required on the basis of estimate. In all cases where the timber can 
be scaled, measured, or counted, it will be paid for according to the 
scale, measure, or count, as in a timber sale, and the proceckn*e will be 
identical. 

A charge for timber settlements on the basis of current stumpage 
rates for timber of like quality and accessibility included in sales will 
be made for all classes of material which have to be cut and destro3^ed 
and which are commonly salable upon the Forest. A charge ^vill not 
be made for chisses of mateiiai whicli are not commonly salable on the 
Forest, or, ordinarily, for reproduction. The basis for this procedure 
is that the ground rental under the occupancy permit covers the 
probable future returns from timber gi'owth; or when no rental is 
charged that the land is being put to a higher use and the people as a 
whole are benefited more than if it had been retained in the produc- 
tion of timber. 

Wlien a right of way permitted under an act of Congress crosses an 
unpatented agi'icultural or mining claim, whether the 
be^^^ciatas°'^ ^^' claim antedat'es the right of way or not, and whether 
the claim is apparently held in good faith or not, if 
timber is cut and removed in clearing the right of way, payment will 
be made to the United States in all cases except where the removal of 
the timber is necessary for the purpose of clearing the land in good 
faith for cultivation or for development, or when at the time of cutting 
the timber is actually needed by the claimant for use in making im- 
provements on the land embraced in his entry or location. If any 
such claimant should need timber for the purposes above specified and 
should be unable to obtain it on his claim, he will be allowed to take 
timber under free-use permit from lands of the United States for those 
purposes up to the amount cut from the claim for which the United 
States has received payment. It is therefore necessary to keep sepa- 
rate records of the timber estimated upon or cut from each claim.. 
Wlien timber is involved in a special-use case, the Forest officer 
making the examination will report on the timber to 
este."*^^*^"*" ^'"'" be cut, damaged, killed, or destroyed, giving the infor- 
mation called for by Form 578a and an estimate of the 
timber on Form 578b. In addition to the usual recommendations in 
timber sales, this report will contain recommendations as to whether 

G5 



66 XATIONAL, FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SETTLEMENT. 

the timber should be paid for on the basis of the estimate or actual 
scale, and state when cutting or destruction is likely to take place. 

Upon the receipt of these papers, the supervisor will record the 
case as in "Un advertised Sales," using a white card (Form 615) 
stamped "Timber Settlement," wliich will be filed with the Timber 
Sale cards. 

Special clauses covering payment for timber cut or destroyed in 
connection with occupancy permits and the dispo- 
ci^'^s.^' settlement gj^^Qj^ ^f refuse are included m the various forms or 
stipulations as follows: 

Form 832, special-use permit, clauses 5 and 9. 

Form 80, railroad stipulations, clauses 1 and 2. 

Form 81, stipulations in connection vdth irrigation, municipal, and 
mining easements, clauses 1 and 2. 

Form 59, preliminary water-power permit, clause 6. 

Form 61, water-power stipulation, clauses 23, 24, 26, and 27. 

Form 63, transmission-line permit, clauses 4 and 6. 

Such modifications should be made in these clauses as are necessary 
to adapt them to the particular conditions in each case. 

The following clause should be inserted in stipulations or permits 
involving the use of drivable streams, when practicable and necessaiy 
to protect the interests of the Government in future timber sales: 

To maintain suitable gates in the dam to provide for the driving of timber down 

the River or stream at such times as, in the judgment of the Forest officer, 

will not cause undue interference with the operation of the plant. 

jj^ ^^^^^ Deposits will be required in advance of cutting or 

*^°^ ^' destruction. 

Letters of transmittal and cutting reports, if payment is made upon 

the actual scale, will be handled as in timber sales. 

In cases in which settlement is made on the basis of 

an estimate, one cutting report stating the total estimated amount 

cut or destroyed will be submitted upon completion of the work. 

„^„. ^, If the timber is cut, utilization as complete iia in 

TTtlUzation. , j • i i mi i • i ' 

current timber sales will be required. 
How reported. Timber ill settlements will be included in reports 

of timber "sold" and "cut." 
Timber settlements will be closed when cutting is finished and 
^j^gjjj brush properly disposed of, or if no timber is cut, 

when construction work is completed, independently 
of special-use permits or rights-of-way stipulations. If timber is 
damaged or destroyed subsequent to the closing of the timber set- 
tlement, the case may be reopened. 

If the amount of timber involved in a special-use permit is more 

than the supervisor is authorized to approve in a 

distoct forester? *° sale, the case will be referred to the district forester 

with the report on Forms 578a and 578b and drafts 

of timber settlement clauses to be included in the permit. 

The supervisor's report and the drafts of clauses in every special 
use or Interior Department ri^ht of way wliich involves a timber 
settlement \\dll be scrutinized with reference to payments, prices, and 
policy. The approved draft of the clauses and a letter of instructions 
will be sent to the supervisor in connection with the action taken 
upon the special use. 



FREE USE OF TIMBER AND STONE. 

As provided for on page 13, the supervisor of each Forest annually 
,.,,,. , ^ on Ai^ril 1 will recommend to the district forester the 

Limitation of cut. .^ , p ,' ^ i • i i i 

maxunum amount ot tmiber which may properly be 
cut under free use during the ensuing fiscal year, wliich amount shall 
form a part of the maxunum cut for the Forest. The free use maxi- 
mum shall be based upon silvicultural conditions, the provisions of 
the working plan if one has been prepared, the amounts which have 
been cut under free use during past years, and the probable amount 
which will be needed during the ensuing year and which may be cut 
under the existing policy. The procedure in the district office will 
follow that outlined on page 14. 

The free use of timber and stone on National Forests may be granted 
to bona fide settlers, miners, residents, and prospectors for mmerals, 
for firewood, fencing, building, mining, prospecting, and other 
domestic purposes. 

The object of free use is to assist prospectors in their work and to 
„^, ^ ^^ encourage and assist settlers who have not on their 

Object of free use. , <^, , . , , ,1111,1 

own land or claims, or on lands controlled by tliem, a 
sufficient and accessible supply of material suitable for the purposes 
named in the law. 

Whether an appUcant is entitled to free use must be decided b}^ the 

proper Forest officer. In all cases not clearly covered 
or'^refTs'ir ^^''*"^ by the letter of the law and the regulations lie will be 

guided by their spirit, especially as indicated by the 
expression "Those who may not reasonably be required to purchase," 
and by the distinction between pubhc or personal and commercial use. 
A member of a corporation is not necessarily debarred from free use of 
fuel for his own home, although his ability to secure it from another 
source will be considered, especially if the Forest supply is limited 
and in demand by more needy applicants. Residents of towns and 
villages engaged in business or earning a livelihood are reasonably 
expected to purchase building material for town dwellings and other 
home structures, and, except in small villages, for fuel. Settlers, 
particularly under the Forest homestead act, who have not yet 
miproved their homes, may receive a liberal allowance for their own 
use. There is no more reason for giving a hotel keeper or merchant 
timber solely to build or warm his hotel or store than giving him a 
stock of goods, yet it need not be refused the proprietor of a small 
establishment when it will be used cliiefly by himself and his family. 
Prospectors may be assisted to develop their properties, but o^vTiers 
of producing mines and those who are able to employ several or many 
men on wages will be required to pay. Well-to-do stockmen and 
owners of large ranches may reasonaoly be required to purchase. 

67 



68 NATIONAL, FOEEST MANUAL FREE USE. 

Free use of timber may be allowed in connection with other uses of 
the National Forests regardless of the ability of the permittee to 
purchase; if the timber will be used in improvements the benefit of 
which will be essentially public rather than individual, or if the 
stumpage value of the timber used is less than the value of these 
improvements for protective purposes, or for administrative purposes 
considering both the actual use of the improvement and the increased 
value of the Forest tlirough better regulation. Ordinarily, improve- 
ments under these provisions should be constructed with the under- 
standing that they will become the property of the United States at 
the termination of the permit. A clear line can usually be drawn 
between improvements which are necessary and of benefit only to 
the permittee in conducting his business and those which result in 
the improvement and better regulation of the Forest. 

Free use may be refused in the discretion of the supervisor to 
permittees who repeatedly violate the provisions of their permits 
and interfere with the efficiency of the free use administration. Free 
use may reasonably be refused where the final cost to the permittees 
is as great as if the material were purchased, whether or not agents 
are employed to obtain the material. Free use of timber from alleged 
invalid claims may be granted for fuel only, pending the final deter- 
mination of title to the claims. 

The appraisement of free use material will not be 
^^ valuation of mate- j^gg ^j^^^^ f^^, ^.^j^g -^ ^j^^ ^^^^^ locality on the Forcst 

from which the timber is to be taken. 

Super^'isors will issue at the beginning of each fiscal year a schedule 

schediue of rates ^^ standard rates for free use material based upon 

the current timber sale rates. The rate for the same 

class of material may be varied in different districts if the conditions 

warrant. In general, posts will be valued at a specified rate per 

post, and poles at a specified rate per linear foot. Cordwood will 

never be measured on the basis of board feet. Dead timber will be 

valued at the same price as green in National Forests where the prices 

are equal in sales. 

The free-use pri-vdlege will be restricted so far as possible to diseased, 
. defective, dying, and dead and down timber, the use 

nc ions. ^£ which will be encouraged. Green timber, however, 

may be obtained except as provided for m the regulations or the 
supervisor's instructions, when it is necessary for the particular needs 
of the applicant. Every possible attempt will be made to improve 
and protect the Forest by locating free use where the timber can best 
be spared or where it constitutes a menace, by confining the cutting 
in green timber so far as possible to inferior trees and inferior species, 
and where necessaiy or advisable for economic reasons or to insure 
reproduction by limiting the cut of green timber or prohibiting it 
altogether. 

The duration of permits, which will not exceed the time necessary 
to remove material, will be fixed by the issuing officer, but all permits 
must terminate on or before June 30 of each year. 

The small amount of material actually needed by transients may 

be taken without a permit. In cases of great 

emergency^use.^ ^^^ emergency material may be taken without a permit, 

but the fact should at once be reported to a Forest 

officer with the request that a permit be issued. 



NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL FREE USE. 69 

The administration of free use will be conducted mainly by the 
supervisors and rangers, subject to the general policy, 
Administration. restrictions, and instructions herein outUned, or 
prescribed by the district forester. It is the duty of Forest officers to 
cheerfully furnish assistance to applicants, to act promptly upon all 
applications, and in general to follow as liberal a policy in the matter 
of free use as the interests of the National Forest and the proper per- 
formance of their work will allow. Although simple methods and 
the exercise of judgment are encouraged, there should be no tendency 
to underrate the importance of the free-use business. 

Every effort will be made to improve the Forest and to reduce the 
cost of the administration of free use and yet give Forest users prom])t 
attention. Utilization of all trees cut, as complete as in sales, as well 
as careful disposal of refuse, must be required. Officers in charge of 
cutting will be held responsible for seeing that no unnecessary damage 
is done to reproduction, young growth, or standing timber. There 
should be no failure on the part of the Forest officer to make all points 
clear to applicants before permits are granted. 

When numerous applications for free use are expected, Forest 
officers will notify the public, in any convenient manner, that they 
will be at designated places on certain days, prepared to transact free 
use and other National Forest business. 

Wherever possible the work of handlmg the free-use business will 
be reduced by designating temporary permit areas, 

ermi areas. preferably in dead timber. These will be mapped 
and reported to the supervisor, who, if he approves, will authorize the 
ranger to mark or specify the timber which should be removed and to 
designate the boundaries. Great care should be exercised in estab- 
lishing such areas, and their boundaries must be clearly designated. 
After issuing a permit, the Forest officer may send the permittee to 
tliis area, thus avoiding the necessity of a visit to the timber with 
each applicant before cutting. Each applicant, who will be held 
responsible for his cutting on the area, will be required to clear up 
the debris resulting from his own cutting. 

Forest officers will designate the timber to be cut in the simplest 
and most economical way practicable. Living timber 

*' ™^' will be marked in accordance with the principles out- 

Imed under timber sales, and the detailed instructions for markuig 
issued by the district forester or supervisor. In the case of dead 
timber, an area may be blazed or defined by natural boundaries, and 
the class of trees to be taken specified. 

The scaling or measuring of free-use material may be omitted when 
it would require long special trips or engage consid- 

''^''^^' erable of the ranger's time tliat could be more 

economically employed on other work. A sufficient check should be 
maintained by the ranger to be certain that the regulations governing 
free use are complietl with. 

Supervisors and deputy supervisors will investigate the conduct of 
free-use business, both in the field and in the ranger's records, as often 
as possible, to see that the cutting is in accordance with silvicultural 
requirements, that utilization is complete, that the public is properly 
served, that the cases are closed promptly on expiration, and that 
the free-use policy for the Forest is being followed. 



70 NATIONAL, FOREST MANUAL^ FEEE USE. 

Cutting reports will be required by supervisors only when they 
consider them necessary in large permits to check 
Cutting reports, ^j^^ ^.^^^ ^£ cutting and the amount as against that 
fixed in the permit. 

Rangers' free-use permits will be issued in duplicate on Form 874-8. 
, The approved original will be transmitted to the 

angers recor s. p^j-j^^j^^gg ^j^f{ ^j^g panger will retain the duplicate 
copy, which will be filed alphabetically by the name of the permittee 
in a promise card box. For convenience in closing, all permits will 
be made to expire at the end of a month. When a case is closed the 
date of closing and the amount and value of material secured will 
be entered on the back of the permit. 

If Form 874-8 is used in supervisors' or district foresters' permits 
the original will be sent to the permittee and a carbon filed by the 
ranger with other permits. If a special form is necessary which can 
not be conveniently filed with the Form 874-8 permits an index card 
will be used and the permit filed with timber sales. Rangers will 
recommend the closing of supervisors' and district foresters' permits 
and immediately close the case in their own files. No record of 
rangers' permits will be kept in the supervisors' offices. 

Supervisors' permits will be prepared in triplicate on Form 874-8, 

or on a special form similar to Form 202 when nec- 

^supervisors- per- ^^^^^y ^j^q approved Original will be transmitted 

to the permittee. The supervisor will retain the 

duplicate and forward the triplicate to the ranger. Supervisors may 

require reports in large or unusual cases. 

When an application exceeds the supervisor's authorization, he will 
prepare a permit in triplicate, which, with the neces- 
pemus!"* foresters' ^^^.^^ report and recommendations, will be forwarded 
to the district forester in duplicate for approval. 
After approval the permit and report will be returned to the super- 
visor, who will transmit the original to the permittee, one copy to the 
ranger, and retain one copy. No record of individual cases will be 
kept in the district office. 

Whenever application is made for free use of timber to an amount 
exceeding the authorization of the district forester 
Fore's'ter^splrmifs'!*^ the application must be submitted to the Secretary 
of Agriculture for approval if the value exceeds $500, 
and to the Forester if within this amount and above the authorization 
of the district forester. When so approved the district forester will 
issue the permit followmg the procedure outlined under "District 
forester's permits." 

At the end of each fiscal year, or at other times if required by the 

Ran ers' re orts si^ip^^rvisor, each ranger will submit a report giving 

separately for live and dead timber the number of 

Eermits issued and tlie (juantit}^ and value of material actually used 
y the ])ermittees. This report will cover all free-use and adminis- 
trative-use permits, including those approved by supervisors and 
district foresters. Such reports will be incorporated in the super- 
visor's amiual statistical report to the district forester. 

Temporary free-use areas from wdiich only dead fuel or dead fence 

material, or both, may be taken prior to securing a 

use^Seas.^*^ ^^^^' permit will be recommended by supervisors and 

approved by district foresters only where it is evident 



NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL FREE USE. 71 

that there will be substantial compliance with the law, where danger 
will not result, and where the elimination of routine will result in a 
material reduction in the cost of administration. 

Free-use areas will preferably include large quantities of dead 
timber and will be closed as soon as the supply is exhausted. 

Forest officers will see that the utiHzation on free-use areas is rea- 
sonably complete. 

The cutting of timber by other persons or for other purposes than 
those named m the law or for sale is forbidden. 



TIMBER SALE AND FREE-USE FORMS. 



Form 941. 

(Revised Dec. 1, 1911.) 

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 

FOREST SERVICE. 
(Attach clipping of notice liere) 

BID FOR ADVERTISED TIMBER. 



Timber Sale. 
National Forest. 



,19 



(The district forester or Forest supervisor) 
(City or town) 



(State) 
Dear Sir: In response to the notice of sale published in. 



of. 



(Name of newspaper) 
bid for the 



(Town) (State) 
timber advertised to be cut from 



(I or we) 
(Locality) 



(If surveyed, give legal subdivisions: if unsurveyed, give metes and bounds with reference to some well- 

linown landmark) 

in the National Forest, 



as follows: 



Estimated amount in 
feet board measure, 
cords, or pieces. 


Species. 

(If different prices are offered for dead and living timber, make 

separate entries. ) 


Price bid per 

1,000 feet, cord, 

or piece. 







































I have remitted, under separate cover, to the National Bank of 

(U. S. depository) $ , to accompany this bid, as required by the published 

notice of sale. 

Very truly yours, 



(Name of bidder) 



(Full address) 



NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL — SALE AND FREE-USE FORMS, 73 



Form 202. 

Revised Oct. 15. 1911.) 



UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 

FOREST SERVICE 

TIMBER SALE. 

National Forest. 



(Date of application) 
(I or we) (If copartnership, "We. and 

partners, doiiifj business under tlie finn name and style of ") (If corporation, "A cor[)o- 

ration organized and existing under the laws of the State (or Territory) of , having an 

office and principal place of business at ") 

of , State of .' , hereby 

(In application, "apply," in final agreement, "agree.") 

to purchase 

(In final agreement only, "In 



accordance with my (or our) l)id submitted in pursuance of the notice of sale of certain timber in the 

National Forest, duly given by publication as required by law," if sale has l)een advertised and 
bid accepted. If private sale, when timber has been advertised and no satisfactory bid has been received, 
"at private sale, certain timber within the National Forest , duly 

advertised for sale in the , a newspaper of general circulation in the State (or Territory) 

in which said Forest exists, by notice published for not less than ,"^0 days before , 19 . Said timber 

i^') 

all the merchantable dead timber standing or down and all the live timber 



for cutting by a Forest officer located on an area of 

("Marked" or "designated.") 

about acres to be definitely designated by a Forest officer before cutting 

begins in 

(Give approximate location and describe by relation to some well-known landmark, 

stream, etc. Give also legal subdivisions, if surveyed, and approximate legal subdivisions if unsurveyed. 

If advertised, description of location should follow that given in notice of sale.) 

within the National 

Forest, estimated to be 

(Give by species the quantity in proper unit of measure, state whether live 

or dead, and kind of material, and add the words "more or less.'") 

("If this sale is awarded to me (or us)" in application only.) (I or we.) 

do hereby, in consideration of the sale of this timber to , promise to pay 

(Me or us.) 



74 NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL SALE AND FREE-USE FORMS. 

to the National Bank of (United States 

depository) or such other depository or officer as shall hereafter be designated, to be 

placed to the credit of the United States, 

(In final agreement, " the sum of 

dollars ($ ), more or less, as may be determined by the actual scale, measure, or count.") 

for the timber at the rate of 

(In application, "not less than.") 

(Per thousand feet b. m., cord, linear feet, etc.) 

in advance payments of at least dollars ($ ) each when called for by 

the Forest officer in charge 

(If application for advertised sale, "$50 being forwarded to the said United 

States depository at this time to cover cost of advertising, this amount to be placed to my (or our) credit if 

I am (or we are) the successful bidder, or refunded if my (or our) bid is rejected.") 

credit being given for the sums, if any, heretofore deposited with the said United 
States depository or officer in connection with this sale. 

And further promise and agree to cut and remove said timber in strict 

(I or we.) 
accordance with the following conditions and all regulations governing timber sales 
prescribed by the Secretary of Agriculture: 

1. Timber upon valid claims and all timber to which there exists valid claim under 
contract with the Forest Service is exempted from this sale. 

2. No timber will be cut or removed until it has been paid for. 

3. No timber will be removed until it has been scaled, measured, or counted by a 
Forest officer. 

4. No timber will be cut except from the area specified by a Forest ofiicer. No 
live timber will be cut except that marked or otherwise designated by a Forest 
ofiicer. 

5. All merchantable timber used in buildings, skidways, bridges, construction of 
roads, or other improvements will be paid for at the price herein specified. 

6. All cutting will be done with a saw when possible. 

7. No unnecessary damage will be done to young growth or to trees left standing, 

and no trees shall be left lodged in the process of felling 

(Unmarked or undesignated.) 
trees that are badly damaged during the process of logging will be cut if required by 
the Forest officers, and when such damage is due to carelessness, the trees so injiu-ed 
will be paid for at twice the price herein specified. 

8. The approximate minimum diameter limit at a point 4^ feet from the ground to 

which living trees are to be cut is 

(Limits in inches for all species involved. When individual 

trees are marked for cutting, "Trees above these diameters may be reserved for seed or protection, and 

merchantable trees below these diameters may be marked at the discretion of the Forest officer." When 

other methods of cutting are advisable, insert suitable provisions so that the system of cutting and method 

Df designation will be clear.) 

9. Stumps will be cut so as to cause the least possible waste and will not be cut 
higher than inches on the side adjacent to the highest ground — lower when 

Eossible — except in unusual cases when, in the discretion of the Forest officer, this 
eight is not considered practicable. 

10. All trees will be utilized to as low a diameter in the tops as possible so as to cause 
the least waste, and to a minimum diameter of inches when merchantable in 



NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL^ SALE AND FREE-USE FORMS. 75 

iJiG ludgment of th« Forest officer; the log lengths will be varied so as to make this 
possible. 

IL Tops will be lopped and all brush piled compactly at a safe distance from li\ang 
trees, or otherwise disposed of, as directed by the Forest officer. 

12. All timber will be cut and removed on or before and none later than 

.'. , and at least will be paid for, cut, and removed 

(Feet b. m., cords, etc.) 

on or before , 19 . . , and at least of the remainder of 

the estimated amount diu-ing each year of the remaining period. 

13. Timber will be scaled by Scribner Decimal log rule, or counted or measured 
as prescribed by the Forester, or specifically provided in this agreement, and, if 

required by the Forest officer, will be piled or skidded for scaling 

("Measurement" or 

as directed by the Forest officer. 

"count" if cordwood or other material is involved.) 

14. All marked or designated trees and all dead timber sound enough for lumber of 

any merchantable grade or timbers 

(Insert cordwood or other material to be included in the sale.) 
shall be cut. Unmarked or undesignated li\-ing trees which are cut; marked or desig- 
nated trees or merchantable dead timber left uncut; timber wasted in tops, stumps, 
and partially sound logs; trees left lodged in the process of felling; and any timber 
merchantable according to the terms of this agreement which is cut and not removed 
from any portion of the cutting area after logging on that portion of the cutting area 
is completed, or is not removed from the National Forest after the expiration of this 
agreement, shall be scaled, measured, or counted, and paid for at double the price herein 
specified. 

15. During the time that this agreement remains in force will, inde- 

(I or we.) 

pendently, do all in power to prevent and suppress forest fires on the 

(My or our.) 

sale area and in its vicinity, and will require employees and contractors 

(.My or our.) 

to do likewise hereby agree, unless prevented by circumstances over 

(I or we.) 

which have no control, to place and 

(I or we.) (Myself or ourselves.) (My or our.) 

employees at the disposal of any authorized Forest officer for the purpose of fighting 

forest fires, with the understanding that if the fire does not threaten 

(My or our.) 

property or the area embraced in this agreement shall be paid, for serv- 

(I or we.) 
ices so rendered at the rate or rates to be determined by the Forest officer in charge, 
which rate or rates shall correspond to the rate or rates of pay prevailing in the 

National Forest for services of a similar character at the time 

the ser\dces are rendered, provided, however, that if , 

(I or we.) (My or our.) 

employees, subcontractors, or employees of subcontractors are directly or indirectly 

responsible for the origin of the fire, shall not be paid for ser\dces so 

rendered. (I or we.) 

16. So far as is reasonable, all branches of the logging shall keep pace with one 
another, and in no instance shall the brush disposal be allowed to fall behind the 
cutting, except when the depth of the snow or other adequate reason makes proper 
disposal impossible, when the disposal of brush may, with the written consent of the 
Forest officer in charge, be postponed until conditions are more favorable. 

17. Necessary logging roads, chutes, camps, buildings or other structures shall be 
located as agreed upon with the Forest officer in charge. All such improvements not 

removed within months after the expiration of this agreement shall become 

the property of the United States. 

(Insert special conditions, if any.) 

The title to the timber included in this agreement shall remain in the United 
States until it hag been paid for and scaled, measured, or counted, as herein provided. 



76 NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL SALE AND FREE-USE FORMS. 

The decision of the Secretary of Agriculture shall be final in the interpretation of 
the regulations and provisions governing the sale, cutting, and removal of the timber 
covered by this agreement. 

Work may be suspended by the Forest officer in charge if the conditions and require- 
ments contained in this agreement are disregarded, and the failure to comply with any 
one of said conditions and requirements, if persisted in, will be sufficient cause for the 
Forester to revoke this agreement and to cancel all permits for other uses of the National 
Forest. 

No Member of or Delegate to Congress, or Resident Commissioner, after his election 
or appointment, and either before or after he has qualified, and during his continuance 
in office, shall be admitted to any share or part of this contract or agreement, or to 
any benefit to arise thereupon. Nothing, however, herein contained shall be con- 
strued to extend to any incorporated company, where such contract or agreement 
is made for the general benefit of such incorporation or company. (Section 3741, 
Revised Statutes, and sections 114 to 116, Act of March 4, 1909.) 

Refund of deposits under this agreement will be made only at the discretion of the 
Forester or district forester. 

This agreement Avill not be assigned in whole or in part. 

The conditions of the sale are completely set forth in this agreement, and none 
of its terms can be varied or modified except with the written consent of the Forester. 

(or, " the district forester" in district forester's sales, or, "the supervisor" in supervisor's sales.) 
No other Forest officer has been or will be given authority for this purpose. 

And as a further guarantee of a faithful performance of the conditions of this agree- 
ment and do further agree that all moneys 

(I or vi^e deliver herewith a bond in the sum of $ ,) 

paid under this agreement shall, upon failure on part to fulfill all and 

(my or our) 

singular the conditions and requirements herein set forth, or made a part hereof, 
be retained by the United States to be applied as far as may be to the satisfaction 

of obligations assumed hereunder. 

(my or our) 

Signed in duplicate this day of , 19 . . . 

(same date as bond) 
(Corporate seal if corporation.) 

Witnesses: * 

(Signature of purchaser. See note.) 



(Signature of purchaser.) 
Approved at , under the above conditions, , 191. 



(Signature of approving oflacer.) 



(Title.) 

Note. — If contracting party is a copartnership, form of signature should be 
r X Y Z Company, 
By John Doe, 
[ A member of the firm. 

If contracting party is a corporation, form of signature should be 
f X Y Z Company, 
[By John Doe, 

President {or other officer or agent). 



> Signature pf twp witnesses required if sale is over $100. 



NATIONAL rOKEST MANUAL — SALE AND FREE-USE FORMS. 77 

Form 377. 

(Revised Dec. 1, 1911.) 

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 

FOREST SERVICE. 
BOND. 

Know All Men by The.se Presents: That we .. 



( Names of principals.) 



of 

as principal, and 



(Names of sureties.) 
, as 

suret. ., are held and firmly bound unto the United States of America in the sum of 

dollars ($ ), for the payment of which sum well and truly to be made to 

the National Bank of , 

or such other depository or otHcer as shall hereafter be duly designated by the United 
States, to be placed to the credit of the United States, we bind ourselves and each of us, 
our and each of our heirs, executors, administrators, successors, and assigns, jointly 
and severally, firmly by these presents. 
The condition of this obligation is such that whereas the above bounden 

(Names of principals.) 

ha . . by a certain 

(Application or agreement.) (Signed or executed.) 

by on this day of , 19. . . 

Now, Therefore, If the said 

(Names of principals.) 

shall well and truly perform all and singular the promises and agreements in said 

contained, then this obligation shall be void, otherwise to 

(Application or agreement.) 
remain in full force and effect. 

In Witness Whereof, The parties hereto have executed this instrument this 

day of , 19. ., at 

(Corporate seal if corporation.) 

[seal.] 

(Principal.) 

[seal.] 

(Principal.) 

[seal.] 

(Surety.) 

[seal.] 

(Surety.) 

ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF PRINCIPAL. 
State of , County of , ss: 

On this day of , 19. ., before me 

(Name of notary.) 

, a notary public, in and for , residing therein, duly 

sworn and acting under a commission expiring , 19 . . , personally appeared 

(Name of principals.) 

knoivn to me to be the of the 

(Title.) 

(Nanie of purchasing company.) 
the corporation that executed the above instrument, and known to me to be the jjersoa 
who executed the above instrument in behalf of the said corporation, and. .... . 

acknowledged to me that he said corporation executed the above instrument, as jirin- 
cipal, voluntarily for the uses therein specified. 

Witness my hand and official seal the date first in this certificate above written. 

[seal.] 

Notary Public. 
N. B.— Italics are to be stricken out when bond is executed by individuals and not by corporations. 



78 NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL SALE AND FREE-USE FORMS. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF SURETIES. 

State of , County of , ss: 

On this day of , 19. ., before me 

(Name of notary.) 

, a notary public, in and for , residing therein, duly 

sworn and acting under a commission expiring , 39. . , personally appeared 

(Name of sureties.) 

known to me to be the of the 

(Title.) 

(Name of surety company.) 

the corporation that executed the above instrument, and known to me to be the person 
who executed the above instrument in behalf of the said corporation, and each 
acknowledged to me that he said corporation executed the same as surety, volunta- 
rily for the uses therein specified. 
Witness my hand and official seal the date first in this certificate above written. 

[seal.] 

Notary Public. 
N. B. — Italics are to be stricken out when bond is executed by individuals and not by corporations. 

OATH OF SURETIES. 
[Must be used when individuals are sureties.] 
State of , County of , ss: 

and 

(Name of surety.) (Name of surety.) 

being duly sworn, each for himself says that he is a citizen of the United States and a 

resident of ; that he signed the above bond 

as one of the sureties thereon; that he is worth the sum of in property in the 

of his residence over and above all legal liabilities and exemptions, and 

that he has property therein subject to sale on excution worth the sum of 



(Surety.) 



(Surety.) 

Subscribed in my presence by and 

(Name of surety.) 

, and by each of them sworn to before me 

(Name of surety.) 

this day of , 19. . . 

Witness my hand and official seal the date last above written. 
[seal.] 



Notary Public in and for the County of State of. 

My commission expires 

CERTIFICATE OF SOLVENCY. 

[To be flUed in when sureties are individuals.] 
I hereby certify that I have made due and diligent personal inquiry as to the ability 
of the signers of the foregoing bond, and am satisfied that they are good and sufficient 
and fully responsible each for the sum of dollars. 



(Title.) 

, 19.. 

(Day.) 

Approved at , , , 19. . . 

(City.) (State.) (Date.) 



(Signature of approving officer.) 
(Title.) 



NATIONAL FOKEST MANUAL SALE AND FEEE-USE FORMS. 79 

Form 319. 

(Revised August, 1908.) 

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 

FOREST SERVICE. 

MEMORANDUM OF CORPORATE OFFICER'S AUTHORITY TO SIGN 

INSTRUMENT. 

When an agreement orother legal instrument is executed by a corporation, the Forester requires evidence 
of the authority of the person who signs on behalf of the corporation. Such evidence should be either— 

(1) A copy of the article of incorporation, or of the by-law giving the recjuisite authority, or 

(2) A copy of the resolution of the board of directors giving the requisite authority. 

In either case such copy should be followed by a certification by the secretary of the company, under 
the corporate seal; the evidence of authority required would then be substantially in the following form: 

(Copy of article of incorporation, by-law, or resolution.) 



I, , secretary of the 



Company, do hereby certify that the foregoing is a correct copy of the 

article of incorporation (or of the by-law, as the case may be) which pertains to the 

powers of the of said company {or of a 

(Title of officer.) 
resolution, and of the whole thereof, passed by the board of directors at a directors' 
meeting, duly called and assembled, and at which a quorum was present); that said 

article of incorporation (by-law or resolution, as the case may be) was, on the 

(Date of 

in full force and effect ; and that on said date 

executing contract.) (Name of person 

was the of the said corn- 
signing instrument.) (Title.) 
pany. 
In witness whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name as secretary of the 

Company and affixed the corporate seal of said com- 
pany this day of , 19 . . 

[corporate seal.] 

Secretary of the 

5276°— 11 6 



80 NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL SALE AND FREE-USE FORMS. 



(Space for name on right-hand margin to be 
filled in before filing. Amount cut and 
value to be filled in on closing.) 

Form 874-8 Revised Dec. 1, 1911. 

U.S. DEPARTMENTOF AGRICULTURE, 

FOREST SERVICE. ^5; 

a 
S 

FREE-USE PERMIT. 



National Forest, 

191.. 

Permission is hereby granted to 

(Name of permittee.) 

of 

(Address.) 

to take, within months from 

above date, from 

(Describe lands.) 



the following-described timber: 



(Specify species and state wliether . 



dead or living; number of cords and S 



value per cord; numlwr of feet b. m. 



and value per thousand; number and 



dimensions of house logs, posts, or 



other sjjecial products, and rate of 



valuation.) 



worth $ , to be used 

by said permittee 

(How and where.) 

(OVER.) 



[reverse.] 

(Space at bottom to be filled in by officer 
closing the case, on retained duplicate.) 



In consideration of such permis- 
sion said permittee agrees to — 

1. Cut only such timber as is desig- 
nated by a Forest officer. 

2. Remove no timber until per- 
mission is given. 

3. Conduct the cutting and dis- 
pose of the refuse as directed by the 
Forest officer. 

4. Neither sell, give'a way, nor ex- 
change any material taken. 

5. Assist Forest officers to fight fire 
during the period of this permit 
without pay if the area covered by 
this permit is on fire or threatened ; 
otherwise at the prevailing rate of 

pay. 

6. Comply with all other regula- 
tions governing National Forests. 

Permit granted under above condi- 
tions. 



(Title.) 



The cutting or taking of any tim- 
ber under this permit makes all the 
conditions binding. 



(Date closed.) 



INDEX. 

Page. 

Administration of free nse 69 

sales, general 44 

compliance with contract 45 

large sales 45 

small sales 44 

subordinates of purchaser 45 

when cutting may begin 45 

Administrative use 62 

authority of district foresters and supervisors 62 

bond, when required 63 

card records 62 

closing 64 

field examination 62 

methods of disposal under. 62 

permits, Forester's and district forester's 62 

form of 63 

ranger's record of 64 

supervisors 62 

purjjose of 62 

regulation 10 

report of timber cut 64 

supervision of cutting 63 

Advance cutting, applications discouraged 25 

district forester's and Forester's sales 19 

form of application 26 

limitation in amount 27 

procedure 26 

provision to be made for other bidders 27 

regulation 8 

supervisor's advertised sales 17 

Advertisement, authority to publish 22 

classification of sales by 14 

correcting mistakes in 21 

date for receiving bids 21 

essential features to be covered in 20 

form of 21 

general notice 22 

location of timber 20 

papers in which published 20 

jjeriod, minimum 20 

publicity in addition to 23 

report of, in district forester's and Forester's sales 19 

in supervisor's sales 17 

required in sales exceeding $100 in value 8, 16 

sale of part of timber advertised 22 

Alaska, exportation of timber from National Forests in 9 

free use on national forests in 12 

special scaling rule for 51 

timber cutting on right of way or in connection with a special use 11 

Allotments at highest price bid to prevent monopoly 9 

Annual cut. See Limitation of annual cut. 

Appeals 10, 59 

from decision of ranger 59 

from decision of supervisor 59 

from decision of district forester 59 

from decision of Forester 59 

record 59 

81 



82 INDEX. 

Page. 

Applicants, explanation and demonstration to, of sale requirements 42 

reliability and financial standing of 42 

Application, actual purchaser required to make 42 

advance cutting 26 

changes in, district forester's and Forester's sales 18 

district forester's sales 18 

Forester's sales 20 

preparation of 36 

special clauses for 43 

supervisor's advertised sales 16 

to follow terms of contract 42 

Appraisal of timber 7 

free-use material 68 

Area. See Cutting area. 

Areas, free use 12, 69, 70 

Awards. See Bids and awards. 

Ax, regulation marking 9 

Bids and awards 23 

award of sale 23 

date for recei\dng bids 21 

deposits accompanying bids 23 

district forester's and Forester's sales 19 

refunds to unsuccessful bidders 23 

supervisor's sales 17 

Black Hills National Forest, prohibition against exportation from 9 

Blue sap 55 

Bonds, advance cutting, regulation 9 

amount, how determined 25 

district forester's and Forester's sales 19 

evidence of authority of person signing 25 

examination of, periodically 25 

form 25, 77 

increased if brush piling postponed 33 

regulation 9, 10 

supervisor's advertised sales 17 

sureties 25 

when required, timber sales 9, 10, 24 

administrative use 63 

Brush disposal 48 

burning as cutting progresses 49 

burning piles 49 

detailed instructions 50 

gi'ound burning 49 

insect-infested or fungus-infected trees 49 

piling 48 

postponement of piling 33, 49 

bond to be increased 33 

form of application 33 

i-ate of 50 

scattering 49 

time for burning 49 

Brush piling. See Brush disposal. 
Bvu-ning brush. See Brush disposal. 

Cabins, use of timber in construction of 10 

Camps and improvements 40 

Cancellation of contracts. See Contracts. 
Card record. See Records and reports. 

Cascara bark, sale of 58 

Cat face 54 

Center rot, uniform 53 

Check marking. See Marking. 

on total number of logs in skidways 50 

Checks, deep 55 

deep spiral 55 

Christmas trees, sale of 58 

how reported 60 

Chvu-ches, free use to 11, 12 



INDEX. 83 

Page. 

Circular rot, uniform 53 

Circular shake ■^■4 

Claims. See also Mining locations. 

alleged invalid, free use of timber from 68 

payment for timber cut on 39, 65 

unperfected, cutting timber on 9, 39 

Clean cutting. See Marking. 

Closing, administrative use 64 

ranger's sales 15 

supervisor's sales 17 

timber settlement cases 66 

Conditions of sale 9 

"removed " defined 36 

time limits 36 

Consent of sureties to modification 30 

form for 31, 33 

Contracts 23 

cancellation 34 

enforced 35 

field examination before 35 

form for advertised sales 34 

execution to be promptly made 23 

district forester's and Forester's sales 19, 20 

evidence of authority, person signing. 24 

form of resolution 24 

form i 23, 73 

modification, general 8, 30 

approval 34 

bond increased if brush piling postponed 33 

conditions under which allowed 30 

consent of surety to be obtained 30 

consent of surety when brush piling postponed 33 

evidence of authority of person executing 30 

extension of time 32 

extensions exceeding five years 10, 33 

extensions of time, form of application 33 

form 30 

postponement of brush piling 33 

payments not allowed 30 

ranger's sales 15 

record of, how kept 34 

verbal, prohibited 30 

when extension refused — disposal of timber 33 

ranger's sales 15 

sample, in district forester's and Forester's sales 18, 20 

special clauses 43 

supervisor's advertised sales 17 

when submitted to successful bidders 23 

witnesses to the execution of 24 

Converting factors, use of, in preparing reports 60 

Cooperative organizations of settlers, free use to 1 1 , 12 

Cost data 61 

form for reporting 61 

Costs, logging and milling, data on, in proposed sales 42 

Counting. See Scaling. 

Crotches 56 

Curve or sweep 55 

Cutting area, how designated 38 

Cutting methods to be determined before sale begins 37 

Cutting period. See Time limits. 
Cutting reports. See also Timber sales. 

check and record of 60 

free use cases 70 

timber settlement cases 66 

Dead timber, to be included in all sales 37 

Defects in logs. See Scaling. 

Departments, free use to other 11 



84 INDEX. 

Page. 
Deposits. See also Payments, and Letters of transmittal. 

general 8,28 

transfer of 29 

when made in timber settlement cases 66 

Description. See Forest description. 
Designating timber for cutting. See Marking. 

Destruction, disposal of timber to prevent 10 

Diameter limits, approximate, basis for determining 37 

to be flexible 47 

when necessary 37 

Diameters, finding, in scaling 52 

Diseased timber, disposal of, under free use 68 

under administrative use 62 

District forester's sales. See Timber sales. 

District marking board 46 

Dote, pin 54 

Emergency sales. See Advance cutting. 

Engines, steam, use of, on National Forests 10 

Estimate in proposed sales. See Examination of timber. 

Evidence of authority to execute contract, bond, etc 24 

modifications 30 

Examination of bond periodically 25 

Examination of timber 36 

all species to be cut 37 

application to follow terms of contract 42 

area, cutting _. . _. 38 

before disposal under administrative use 62 

camps and improvements 40 

claims, payment for timber cut from 39 

imperfected 39 

dead timber 37 

diameter limits, approximate 37 

estimate 41 

by separate types 42 

intensity of 42 

of grades of material 42 

timber to be left 42 

explanation and demonstration to applicants 42 

field data submitted as map, estimate and report 41 

fire, precautions against 40 

Forest description 42 

future stand to be considered 37 

local needs, provision for 38 

logging and milling cost 42 

logging methods 37 

map 41 

maximum annual cut considered before 36 

method of cutting 37 

mining locations, infested timber on 38 

timber on 38 

unmarked 39 

monopoly 38 

nomenclature 42 

on Forests with preliminary plan 36 

working plan 36 

period allowed for cutting 40 

protection from stock 37 

reliability and financial standing of applicants 42 

school and railroad sections 39 

size of sales 38 

special clauses for applications 43 

special clauses for insect-infested timber 44 

stumpage prices 39 

utilization 40 

Experiments, use of timber for 10, 62 

Exportation of timber 9 

Extension of time, exceeding five years 33 



INDEX. 85 

Page. 

Extension of time, form 33 

when granted 32 

when refused — disposal of timber 33 

Farmers, free use to, in Alaska 12 

Federal Government, other branches of, free use to 11 

Fire menace, removal of timber under administrative use 62 

Fishermen, free use to, in Alaska 12 

Forest description, ranger's sales 15 

report on proposed sales 42 

super\dsor's unadvertised sales 16 

Forester's sales. See Timber sales. 

Form A. Voucher 28 

BF. Authority to publish advertisement 22 

59. Preliminary water-power permit 66 

61. Water-power stipulation 66 

63. Transmission line permit 66 

80. Railroad stipulations 66 

81. Stipulations (irrigation, municipal, mining) 66 

202. Timber sale application and agreement 17, 19, 23, 24, 33, 43, 70, 73 

319. Memorandum of corporate officer's authority to sign instrument 24, 79 

377. Bond ". 17, 25, 33, 77 

578a. Forest description 42, 62, 65, 66 

578b. Estimate sheet 62, 65, 66 

615. Timber sale record card 15, 16, 18, 60, 62, 66 

616. Timber sale summary card 60 

820. Report of timber cut 15, 59, 60 

832. Special use permit 66 

861. Letter of transmittal 17 

874-8 . Free use permit 70, 80 

935. Certificate of publication 17, 18, 19 

941. Bid for advertised timber 17, 19, 72 

949. Supervisor's monthly report of timber cut and sold 60 

975. Poster notice of sale of timber 23 

Administrative use permit 63 

Application for advance cutting 26 

Application for cancellation of contract 34 

Application for modification of contract 30 

Application for jDostponement brush piling 33 

Consent of surety 31, 33 

Extension of time 33 

Notice of sale 21 

Resolution 24 

Timber sale costs 61 

Transfer of credits 29 

Free use 11, 67 

administration 69 

amount allowed each applicant 11 

areas 12 

u by whom granted 11 

1 cutting reports 70 

i disposal of timber by, under administrative use regulation 62 

dfstrict forester's permits 70 

limitation of cut under 1 1, 13, 67 

marking the timber 69 

object of 67 

permit areas 69 

form 80 

ranger's records 70 

ranger's reports 70 

regulations 11 

restrictions 12, 68 

sale of material prohibited 12 

scaling 69 

schedule of rates 68 

Secretary's and Forester's permita 70 

special conditions in Alaska 12 

supervisor's permita 70 



86 INDEX. 

Page. 

Free use, temporary free-use areas 70 

to whom granted 11, 67 

to whom refused 11, 67 

transients and emergency use 12, 68 

valuation of material 68 

without permit 12 

Fungus-infected timber, brush from, disposal of 49 

Future stand to be considered before making sale 37 

General notice sales 22 

Ground burning. See Brush disposal. 

Ground rot 54 

Heart rot 53 

Improvements. See also Camps and improvements. 

exchange of timber for services, etc., in building, prohibited. 62 

use of timber in making 10, 62 

Insect-infested timber, disposal of brush from. 49 

disposal of, under administrative use 62 

on mining locations 38 

special clauses for, in contracts 44 

Installment payments 8 

Letters of transmittal, general 30 

rangers' sales 15 

supervisor's advertised sales 17 

Limitation of annual cut 7, 13 

basis for determining 13 

district office procedure 14 

supervisor to recommend 13 

to be considered before examination of timber 36 

imder free use 11, 13, 67 

Line trees. See Marking. 

Local supply, future, no sale to endanger 38 

Locations. See Mining locations. 

Locomotives, steam, use of on National Forests 10 

Logging costs, data on, in proposed sales 42 

Logging methods, to be considered in examination of timber 37 

Log lengths. See Scaling. 
Ijogs. See Scaling. 

Map, proposed sale, preparation of 41 

ranger's sale 15 

supervisor's unadvertised sale 16 

Marking 9, 45 

by supervisors 46 

care to be exercised in determining method 47 

check 48 

clean cutting 48 

demonstration to purchaser 46 

diameter limits 47 

district marking board 46 

experienced men for 46 

free use timber 69 

instructions, general 46 

mature and defective trees 47 

methods 45 

policy, general 47 

seed trees, when left 47 

timber on claims 48 

trees to be left with crowns free 47 

witness and line trees 48 

Marking ax 9 

Marking board , district 46 

Maximum and minimum prices 7, 14, 39 

basis for determining 14 

district office procedure 14 

supervisors to recommend 14 

Maximum cut. See Limitation of annual cut. 
Measuring. See Scaling. 

Merchantable material, defined 52 

Milling costs, data on, in proposed sales 42 



INDEX. 87 

Page. 

Miners, free use to 11, 12, 67 

Minimum and maximum prices. 7, 14, 39 

Mining locations, insect-infested timber on 38 

timber on 38 

unmarked 39 

Miscellaneous products, sale of 58 

how reported 60 

Mistakes, correction of, in advertisement 21 

Modification of contracts. See Contracts. 

Monopoly, prevention of 9 

sale apportioned to prevent 38 

Nomenclature 42 

Notice of appeal, time within which it may be filed 10, 59 

Notice of sale. See Advertisement. 

Numbering logs 50 

Organizations, cooperative, of settlers, free use to 11, 12 

Payments. See also Deposits, and Letters of transmittal. 

installment 8 

must be made in advance of cutting 8, 27 

postponement of, not allowed 30 

under timber settlement 11, 65 

for timber on claims 39, 65 

Permanent improvements. See Improvements. 

Permits, card record of administrative use, in supervisor's office 02 

district forester's free use 70 

duration of free use 68 

Forester's and district forester's administrative use 62 

form for administrative use 63 

rangers record of administrative use 64 

Secretary's and Forester's free use 70 

super\asor's administrative use 62 

supervisor's free use 70 

Piling brush. See Brush disposal. 

Pin dote 54 

Postponement brush piling. See Brush disposal. 

Preliminary plans, proposed sales to be checked with 36 

Prices, maximum and minimum 7, 14, 39 

Private sale 9, 14, 27 

Procedure, advance cutting 26 

district forester's sales 18 

Forester's sales 20 

ranger's sales, in supervisor's office 15 

supervisor's advertised sales, in district office 18 

supervisor's unadvertised sales 16 

timber settlement, on Forests 65 

Prospectors, free use to 11, 12, 67 

Protection from stock after cutting completed 37 

Publicity in large sales 23 

Punky sap 55 

Railroad lands 39 

Rangers sales. See Timber sales. 

Rates, schedule of, for free use material 68 

Ravages, disposal of timber to prevent 10 

Records and reports. See also Cutting reports. 

administrative use record, supervisor's 62 

rangers 64 

annual report 60 

appeals, record of 59 

converting factors, use of, in preparing reports 60 

cost data 61 

form for reporting 61 

cutting reports 59 

district forester's and Forester's sales, supervisor's record 

of 18 

district forester's monthly report 60 

district forester's record supervisor's sales 18 

miscellaneous products, sale of, how reported 60 

modifications of contract, record of 34 



88 INDEX. 

Page. 

Records and reports, rangers free use record 70 

reports 70 

ranger's sales record 15 

reports of timber cut under administrative use 64 

timber settlement 66 

scale record, supervisor's office 60 

scale reports 59 

Bummarj' timber sale record 60 

super\dsor's advertised sales record 16 

timber cut and sold, report of 60 

Refunds 8,23,28 

Removal, period allowed for 36, 40 

"Removed," defined 36 

Repeated sales unadvertised timber prohibited 16 

Reports. ISee Cutting reports, and Records and reports. 

Resolution, form of corporate 24 

Restrictions under free use 12, 68 

Right of way, timber cut, damaged, killed, etc., on 10 

Road districts, free use to 11, 12 

Roads, use of timber in construction of, on National Forests 10 

Rot, dote appearing in knots 55 

ground or stump 54 

imiform center or circular 53 

Sales. See also Administration of sales and Timber sales. 

miscellaneous forest products 58 

Sample contracts in district forester's and Forester's sales 18, 20 

Sap, blue 55 

punky or unsound 55 

Scale reports. See Records and reports, and Timber sales. 
Scale rule. See also Scribner Decimal "C " log rule. 

special for Alaska and west slope of Cascades 51 

Scaling 50 

check on total number of logs 50 

check scale 58 

factors considered 51 

blue sap 55 

cat face 54 

circular shake 54 

crotches 56 

curve and sweep 55 

deep checks or seams 55 

deep spiral checks 55 

defects in logs 52 

defects in side of log 54 

dote appearing in knots 55 

finding diameters 52 

ground or stump rot 54 

measuring log lengths 52 

merchantable material 52 

pin dote 54 

punky or unsound sap 55 

uniform center or circular rot 53 

unnecessary loss in manufacture not considered 52 

free use material 69 

lagging 58 

log lengths 50 

mill scale studies 58 

numbering logs 50 

poles, posts, etc 58 

prohibition against removal before 9, 50 

requirements of purchasers 50 

scale rule 9) 50 

Scribner Decimal "C " log rule tables 56 

shakes and shingle bolts 58 

special rule for Alaska and west slope of Cascades 51 

stamping logs 50 

material other than saw timber 58 



INDEX. 89 



Scaling tables, division of long logs 51 

loss due to defect 53 

Scribner Decimal ' ' C " log rule 56 

ties 58 

Scattering brush. See Brush disposal. 

School districts, free use to 11, 12 

School lands 39 

Scribner Decimal "C " log rule, all timber to be scaled by 9, 50 

tables 56 

Seams, deep 55 

Seedlings, wild, sale of 58 

how reported 60 

Seed trees, where left 47 

Seized material, sale of 27 

Settlement. See Timber settlement. 

Settlers, cooperative organizations of, free use to 11, 12 

free use to 11, 12, 67 

Shake, circular 54 

Size of sale, basis for determining 38 

Skidding logs for scaling 50 

Sound material, defined 52 

Spark arresters, when required 10 

Special use, timber cut, damaged, etc., in connection with 10 

Special uses connected with sales 35 

Spiral checks, deep 55 

Stamping, by Forest officer only 9 

logs after scaling 50 

timber before removal 9 

Stand, future, to be considered before making sale 37 

Standard rates, schedule of, for free use material 68 

Steam engines or locomotives, use of, on National Forests 10 

Stock, protection from, after cutting completed 37 

Stone. See Free use. 

Stump rot 54 

Stumpage prices ._ 7, 14, 39 

Supervision. See also Administration of free use and sales. 

cutting under administrative use 63 

Supervisor's sales. See Timber sales. 
Sureties. See also Bonds. 

consent of, to modifications 30 

form 31, 33 

Sweep or curve 55 

Tal)les, division of long logs 51 

loss due to defect 53 

Scribner Decimal "C" log rule 56 

Timber sales 7, 13 

advance cutting 8, 25 

annual cut, limitation of 7, 13 

appeals 10, 59 

appraisal of timber 7, 39 

authority to make 7 

])onds JO, 24 

classification of sales 14 

by advertisement 14 

by amount 14 

conditions of sale 9 

deposits 8, 28 

disposal by sale, under administrative use regulation 62 

district forester's and Forester's 7, 18 

advance cutting 19 

advertisement, report of 19 

application 18, 20 

changes in 18 

bids and awards 19 

bond 19 

card record 18 

contract 19 

sample 18, 20 



90 INDEX. 

Page. 

Timber sales, district forester's and Forester's notice of sale 19 

work which may be required of 

supervisors 20 

exportation of timber 9 

installment payments 8 

modifications of contracts 8, 30 

payments 8, 27, 30, 39, 65 

prevention of monopoly 9, 38 

prices, maximum and minimum 7, 14, 39 

private sale 9, 14, 27 

rangers 15 

closing 15 

contract 15 

cutting reports 15 

maps and forest description 15 

modification of contract ; 15 

procedure supervisor's office 15 

refunds 8, 23, 28 

super-visor's advertised 16 

advance cutting 17 

application 16 

bids and awards 17 

bonds 17 

closing 17 

contracts 17 

district forester's record 17 

letter of transmittal 17 

notice of sale 16 

procedure district office 18 

report of advertisement 17 

supervisor's unadvertised 16 

maps and forest description 16 

may not exceed $100 16 

procedure 16 

repeated sales prohibited 16 

time limits 10, 36, 40 

use of steam engines or locomotives 10 

Timber settlement 10, 65 

closing 66 

cutting reports 66 

defined 65 

deposits 66 

how reported 66 

payment on basis of estimate or scale 65 

for timber on claims 65 

procedure on Forest 65 

regulation 10 

special clauses in forms or stipulations 66 

utilization 66 

when referred to district forester 66 

Tinie limits for cutting and removal under sales 10, 36, 40 

Trails, use of timber in construction of, on National Forests 10 

Transfer of deposits 29 

Transients, free use by 12, 68 

Trespassers, free use to 11 

award of sales to 9 

Turpentine, sale of 58 

how reported 60 

Unadvertised sales. See Timber sales. 

Unsound sap 55 

Utilization 40, 52, 66, 71 

Verbal modification of contracts prohibited 30 

Witnesses to execution of contract, etc 24 

Witness trees. See Marking. 

Working plans, proposed sales to be checked with 36 



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LB 12 



